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Micro #2
Microbiology test #2 tim beagley
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the initial growth phase, during which cell number remains relatively constant prior to rapid growth | log phase |
| the plateau of the growth curve after exponential growth, during which cell number remains constant | stationary phase |
| organisms that grow only in the presence of oxygen | obligate aerobe |
| the time required for a microbial population to double in number | generation time |
| microorganisms that do not require oxygen for growth but do grow better with it | facultative anaerobes |
| an organism adapted to living in conditions of extreme temperature, pressure, or chemical concentration | extremophiles |
| the phase of growth curve during which the population is growing at a constant and maximum rate | exponential phase |
| an organism that thrives in a relatively acid environment | acidophile |
| an organism that requires a salty environment | halophile |
| requiring high temperatures for normal development, as certain bacteria | thermophile |
| an organism, such as bacterium, that can live in absence of atmospheric oxygen | anaerobe |
| an organism, such as a bacterium, requiring oxygen to live | aerobe |
| organized microbial communities encased in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and associated with surfaces, often with complex structural and functional characteristics | biofilm |
| an apparatus in which steam under pressure effects sterilization | autoclave |
| inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria | bacteriostatic |
| a substance or preparation for killing fungi | fungicide |
| the destruction of all living microorganisms | sterilization |
| making something free of germs as by sterilizing | sanitization |
| an organic molecule that serves as a wetting agent or emulsifier and may be used as an antimicrobial agent | detergent |
| the act or process of heating a beverage or other food, such as milk or beer, to a specific temperature for a specific period of time in order to kill microorganisms | pasteurization |
| a substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of disease-causing microorganisms | antiseptic |
| chemical or physical agent, usually with a broad spectrum of biological activity, that inactivates microorganisms | biocide |
| a substance or preparation for killing bacteria | bactericide |
| any chemical agent used chiefly on inanimate objects to destroy or inhibit the growth of harmful organisms | disinfectant |
| an agent that inhibits or destroys viruses | viricide |
| a substance or preparation for killing algae | algicide |
| a substance resulting from a chemical reaction | product |
| the amount of disorder in a system | Entropy |
| the material or substance on which an enzyme acts | substrate |
| the capacity to do work | energy |
| the chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life | metabolism |
| a negative feedback mechanism in which an end product inhibits the activity of an enzyme in the pathway leading to its formation | feedback inhibition |
| a chemical reaction where the forward rate equals the reverse rate | equilibrium |
| an enzyme that change their shape, or conformation, upon binding of a modulator | allosteric enzyme |
| an organic substance that combines with a specific protein to form a active enzyme | co-enzyme |
| a biological catalyst | enzyme |
| the metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones resulting in a release of energy | catabolism |
| science that deals with the conversion between different forms of energy | thermodynamics |
| reaction that requires a net input of energy | endergonic reaction |
| the part of an enzyme that interacts with the substrate during catalysis | activestie |
| a substance that causes or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected | catalyst |
| the metabolic building up of complex molecules from simpler ones requiring an input of energy | anabolism |
| a series of electron carriers that operate together to transfer electrons from donors such as NADH and FADH2 to acceptors such as oxygen | electron transport chain |
| the force arising from a gradient of protons and a membrane potential that powers ATP synthesis and other processes | proton motive force |
| the process in green plants and certain other organisms by which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source | photosynthesis |
| the rotating enzyme complex that couples ATP production to the flow of hydrogen ions | atpsynthase |
| an energy-yielding process in which an organic molecule is oxidized using an endogenous electron acceptor | fermentation |
| the hypothesis that proton and electrochemical gradients are generated by electron transport and then used to drive ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation or photophosphorylation | chemiosmotic hypothesis |
| respiration in which the exogenous electron acceptor is NOT molecular oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| the synthesis of ATP from ADP using energy made available by the absorption of light | photophosphorylation |
| the oxidative process occurring within living cells by which the chemical of organic molecules is released in a series of metabolic steps using an exogenous electron acceptor | respiration |
| the cycle that oxidizes acetyl coenzyme A to CO2 and generates NADH and FADH2 for oxidation in an electron transport chain | TCA cycle |
| the process in cell metabolism by which enzymes synthesize ATP from ADP and inorgainic phosphate in biochemical pathway | substrate level phosphorylation |
| respiration in which the exogenous electron acceptor is molecular oxygen | aerobicrespiration |
| the process in cell metabolism by which respiration enzymes in the mitochondria synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate during the oxidation of NADH by molecular oxygen | oxidative phosphorylation |
| an ATP-generating metabolic process that occurs in nearly all living cells in which glucose is converted in a series of steps to pyruvic acid | glycolysis |
| a modified tricarboxylic acid cycle in which the decarboxylation reactions are bypassed by the enzymes isocitate lyase and malate synthase; it is used to convert acetyl-CoA to succinate and other metabolites | glyoxylate cycle |
| the metebolic process in which atmospheric molecular nitrogen (N2) is reduces to ammonia; carried out by cyanobacteria, Rhizobium, and other nitrogen-fixing procaryotes | nitrogen fixation |
| the spontaneous formation of a complex structure from its component molecules without the aid of special enzymes or factors | self assembly |
| the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors such as lactate and amino acids | gluconeogenesis |
| a series of chemical reactions that occurs as part of the dark reactions of photosynthesis, in which carbon is broken away from gaseous carbon dioxide and fixed as organic carbon in compounds that are ultimately used to make sugars and starch as food | calvin cycle |
| reactions that replenish depleted tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates | anaplerotic reactions |
Created by:
klmonsen
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