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Ch. 32 and 33 Review
Classification & Viruses TEST Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Scientific names higher than the ___ are capitalized but not printed distinctively | Genus |
| The classification level of ___ was prompted by the great differences among bacteria | Domain |
| The major problem with the ___ names was that they were very cumbersome. | Polynomial |
| When writing species epithets, it is sometimes permissible to abbreviate the ___ name | Genus |
| Prokaryotic organisms make up the ___ and archaebacteria. | Eubacteria |
| In plants, a division is the equivalent to ___ in animal taxonomy. | Phylum |
| Characteristics that have arisen as a result of common evolutionary descent are said to be ___ | Homologous |
| Classification system used in the middle ages | Polynomial system |
| Descriptive term used to refer to a particular kind of organism | Species |
| Devoted his life to cataloging all the different kinds of organisms | Linneaus |
| Latin for "groups" | Genera |
| Particular level in a classification system | Taxon |
| Science of classifying living things | Taxonomy |
| Taxon larger than a family and smaller than a class | Order |
| The genus and species listed together | Scientific name |
| Two part names | Binomials |
| Construction of an evolutionary tree | Phylogeny |
| Derived character that is unique to a particular clade | Synapomorphy |
| Group of organisms related by descent | Clade |
| Infers phylogeny | Cladistics |
| Interbreed wit individuals other than themselves | Outcross |
| Phylogenic group that does not include the most recent common ancestor | Polyphyletic |
| Phylogenic group that includes the most recent common ancestor and all descendants | Monophyletic |
| Reconstruction and study of phylogenies | Systematics |
| Reproduction not involving two parents | Asexual |
| Reproduction involving two sets of genetic information | Sexual |
| Oldest level of taxonomic classification | Genus |
| Official names of species are written in this language | Latin |
| At the present time, scientist have name approx. ___ species | 1,500,000 |
| A ___ conveys information about ancestors and descendants of an organism | Cladogram |
| Viruses are not considered ___ | Organisms |
| Plant alternation of generations is characterized by ___ meiosis | Sporic |
| Pieces of DNA present in all Archaebacteria and in no other organisms | Signature sequences |
| Obtain energy by using hydrogen and carbon dioxide, producing CH4 | Methanogens |
| Certain groups of _________, known as extremophiles, can inhabit places that would seem "unfit" to us. | Archaebacteria |
| The first eukaryotic cells were ___ organisms | Unicellular |
| The most abundant organisms on earth are those in the ___ kingdom | Eubacteria |
| Being composed of more than one functional cell | Multicellular |
| Meiosis producing gametes which fuse, giving rise to a zygote | Gametic reproduction |
| No ___ are truly multicellular, but often times 'colonial.' | Bacteria |
| Ruled the earth for the first 2 million years in which life was present | Bacteria |
| Type of life cycle followed by plants | Alternation of generations |
| Union of male and female gametes | Syngamy |
| Simplest life cycle; zygote is the only diploid cell | Zygotic meiosis |
| The ___ involves a period of genome integration | Lysogenic cycle |
| CAF is used to ___ of the HIV virus | Block replication |
| Influenza subtypes differ in their | Protein spikes |
| Infectious substance of prions | Proteins |
| Each HIV particle possesses a glycoprotein called ___ on its surface | gp120 |
| Small, naked fragments of RNA that infect plant cells | Viroids |
| ___ is the virus that causes fever blisters | Herpes Simplex |
| Persons infected with HIV may not develop AIDS because the virus has the ___ gene | nef |
| The first virus to be isolated proved to consist of two chemicals: ____ and nucleic acid. | Protein |
| Viruses occur in all organisms; only able to ___ within living cells | Reproduce |
| ___ are viruses that rupture the bacterial cells they infect | Bacteriophages |
| Viruses are literally "_____" | Parasitic chemicals |
| Viruses vary greatly in ___ and size | Appearance |
| ___ therapies and chemokines offer promising avenues of AIDS therapy | Combination |
| Prepared and extract of he plant virus TMV and in an attempt to purify it realized that viruses were no more than chemicals | Wendell Stanley |
| Typically, viruses form ___ around their nucleic acid cores | Capsids |
| In AIDS patients, the virus homes in on the ___ T cells | CD4 |
| The first virus to be purified | Tobacco mosaic virus |
| Genetic alteration of a cell's genome | Transformation |
| Function of drug AZT | Block HIV replication |
| When a bacteriophage is integrated into a cellular genome it is called a(n) | Prophage |
| Viruses are considered | Non-living |
| Only structural pattern that has been found among isometric viruses | Icosahedral |
| Viruses that cause lysis in host cells | Virulent viruses |
| Enzyme which synthesizes a double strand of DNA complementary to the virus' RNA | Reverse transcriptase |
| Integration of a virus into a cellular genome | Lysogeny |
| Protein sheath surrounding a virus' nucleic acid core | Capsid |
| RNA based virus | Retrovirus |
| Suitable cells for a particular virus | Host range |
| Viruses that originate in one organism and then pass to another and cause disease | Emerging virus |
| Virus with rodlike or threadlike appearance | Helical |
| Virus with a roughly spherical shape | Isometric |
| Strains of the flu virus | Subtypes |
| Proteinaceous infectious particle | Prion |
| ___ may prevent HIV replication by binding with the CD4 receptor | Chemokines |
| Acute viral encephalomyelitis transmitted by bite of infected animal | Rabies |
| Acute viral infection of the CNS that can lead to paralysis and is often fatal | Polio |
| Destroys the immune system cell by cell | AIDS |
| Extremely contagious through contact with infected individuals, usually contracted in childhood when it's not serious | Measles |
| Fever blisters | Herpes |
| Historically a major killer, carried by wild asian ducks and chickens | Influenza |
| Includes scrapie and mad cow disease | TSE |
| Spread from individual to individual by mosquito bites | Yellow Fever |
| Virus attacks connective tissue, leading to massive hemorrhaging and death | Ebola |
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SavannahElkins
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