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nhti bio 108 ch 2
bio 108 ch 2 nhti concord
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Monosaccharides (simple sugars) ? | Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Deoxyribose, & Ribose (dehydration synth rx'n combines gluc + fruc = Sucrose and water, sucrose is a disaccharide) |
| Disacharides (Double sugar molecules) ? | Sucrose = cane, Lactose = milk, Maltose = malt sugars. (disaccharides are too large to pass through cell membranes and are broken down by adding water in a Hydrolysis reaction). |
| pH from Acid to Base of diff types of molecules ? | Gastric, Lemon, Grapefruit, Tomato, Coffee, Saliva, Milk (distilled water 7.0) blood, semen, sea water, milk of magnesia, ammonia, bleech oven cleaner (most basic pH is 14) |
| Forms of Energy? | chemical, electrical, mechanical, radiant |
| how many elements ? | 112 element known |
| four elements making up about 96 % of body? | carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen |
| atomic number ? | equal to the number of protons in an atom |
| atomic mass ? | atomic mass is the sum of the masses of all protons and neutrong contained in its nucleus |
| ishotopes are ? | isotopes have same number of protons and electrons but vary in the number of neutrons they contain. |
| heavier isotopes are considered ? | radioisotopes and tend to be unstable |
| when two or more of the same atoms combine chemically known as? | molecules |
| when two or more of different types of atoms form they are known as ? | compounds are formed when different types of atoms combine |
| what is octet rule? | eight electrons fill outter most shell, exception is Hydrogen which is 2 |
| what is an element called if all 8 electrons are filled in their outter most shell naturally? | the element is called inert, or non-reactive |
| when are ionic bonds formed? | ionic bonds donate electrons from one atom to another forming ions (ionic bonded componds are called salts) |
| what are poss and neg ions called? | poss ion = cation; neg ion = anion |
| what is a covalent bond? | Co-valent means the atoms (co-) share their electrons with another atoms valence shell. (most componds in the body are covalent) |
| what type of bonds are in NaCl (table salt)? | ionic bonds are in salts |
| what type of bonds does hydrogen molecules form (H-H)? | H bond to another H share their outter most electrons forming covalent bonds. |
| what type of bonds does hydrogen form when bond to oxygen (H2O = water compounds bonds)? | Two Hydrogens bind covalently with oxygenm, but their electrons spend more time closer to the oxygen so the compound is considered a polar molecule. The bonds are still considered covalent bonds. |
| what type of intermolecular bond do water molecules form between themselves (h2o-h2o)? | water molecules have polar charges and their molecules tend to stack, or arrange, themselves in such away that their oppositely charged sides attract to each other. This weak attractive force between water molecules is known as "hydrogen bonds". |
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