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Chapter 22 Sciene
The Nervous and Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| neuron | working unit of the nervous system, made up of a cell body & branches called dendrites & axons |
| dendrite | branch of neuron that recieves messages and sends them to the cell body |
| axon | branch of neuron that carries messages, or impulses, away from the cell body |
| synapse | small space between neurons, across which an impulse moves by mean sof a chemical release by the axon |
| central nervous system (CNS) | division of the nervous system, containg the brain and spinal cord, which sorts and interprets information from stimuli |
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | division of nervous system, made up of all berves outside the CNS; connects the brain and spinal cord to the other parts of the body |
| cerebrum | largest part of the brain, is divided into two hemispheres; controls the work of voluntary muscles, interprets impulses from the senses, and stores memory |
| cerebellum | part of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movements and maintains balance and muscle tone; located behind and undet the cerebrum |
| brain stem | part of the brain that controls heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure by coordinating the involuntary movements of these functions; extends from the cerebrum and connects the brain to the spinal cord |
| reflex | involuntary and automatic response to a stimulus that allows the body to respond without having ton think about what action to take |
| cochlea | structire of thye inner ear that is shaped like a snail's shell and contains fluids that vibrate, sending impulses to the brain by the auditory nerve |
| olfactory cells | nerve cells in the nasal passages that respond to gas molecules in the air and send impulses to the brain for the interpretation of odors |
| retina | light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye; contains rods and cones; impulses stimulated here pass ton the optic nerve, which carries them to the brain |
| taste buds | major sensory receptors for taste taht are located on the tongue |
| hormone | endocrine chemicals that are produced from glands directly into the bloodstream and affect target tissues |
| target tissues | specific tissue affected by hormones;often is located in a part of the body distant from the gland that affects it |
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