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Potassium Imbalance

Potassium Imbalances

QuestionAnswer
Normal Potassium levels 3.5-5
K+<3.5 mEq/L Hypokalemia
What causes Hypokalemia Urinary loss(diuretics,diabetes) Abnormal losses from GI tract(vomiting, diarrhea) Alkalosis Malnutrition
Signs and symptoms of Hypokalemia Cardiac dysrhythmias Generalized muscle weakness Leg cramps, decreased reflexes Nausea, vomiting Lethargy Observe for s/s of toxicity, if client taking digitalis
When do you not give oral supplements of K+ When urinary output is >30cc/h
Give examples of Oral K+ supplements k-lyte, slow-k, k-dur, micro-k
What are some treatment considerations for hypokalemia K+ supplementation: Must be ingested daily Persistent k+ deficit may cause kidney&cardiac damage Do not supplement unless renal function is adequate
Nursing Care for Hypokalemia Prevention and K= replacement either PO or IV
Hyperkalemia >5.0 mEq/L
What causes Hyperkalemia Inadequate excretion of K+(renal disease/failure and the use of K+ Sparing diuretics) Excessively High intake of K+ Shift of K+ from ICF to ECF space(Severe infection)
Signs & Symptoms of hyperkalemia Cardiac dysrhythmias Diarrhea Abdominal cramping Anxiety, irritability muscle twitching, tremors Seizures
Created by: sdysart
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