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ojc bio 111 s. madar
ojc bio 111 s. madar chap 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | smallest unit of living matter |
| cell theory | 1 - all organisms are composed of cells 2 - a cell is the structural and funcstion unit of all organisms 3 - cells come only from pre-existing cells |
| cell surface to volume ratio | cell needs a surface area that can adequately exchange materials with the environment but small volume to provide nutrients for. small cells are better for exchange of waste and nutrients |
| prokaryotic cells | *no nucleus, in the domain (bacteria), have a cell membrane, smaller cells, have no organelles |
| eukaryotic cells | *have a nucleus, have organelles, have a cell membrane |
| cell wall | support and protect teh cytoplasm, controls nutrient exchange into and out of cell |
| flagellum | long whip like appendages for movement of bacteria in fluid |
| plasma membrane | regulates movement of molecules into and out of cytoplasm. |
| cytoplasm | semifluid medium inside the cell wall with ribosomes and thylakoids |
| ribosomes | small bodies that coordinate the synthesis of proteins. contain protein and RNA. If they have a ER signal they may bind to the Endoplasmic Reticulum . |
| nucleoid | contains innumerable enzymes and chromosome (loop of DNA) |
| organelles | small bodies with a specific structure and function. usually membrane bound. they keep the cell organized into compartments |
| nucleus | nuclear envelope surrounding the nucleoplasm, chromatin and nucleoli - storage of genetic information, synthesis of DNA and RNA |
| cytockeleton | membrane that separates teh contents of the cell from the environment and regulates teh passage of molecules into and out of teh cell |
| mitochondia | membranous organelles contained in eukaryotic cells. Their structure lends itself to the processes that occur within. contained in both animal and plant cells and responsible for cellular respiration |
| endosymbiotic hypothesis | theory about the evolution of the eukaryotic cell - prokaryotes were taken up (invaginated) by a much larger eukaryotic cell |
| Nucleus | prominent structuer in the eukaryotic cell with contains chromatin, nucleoplasm. Contains DNA and stores genetic information to determine the characteristics of a cell. |
| microtubules | small hollow sylinders made of globular protein. |
| centrosome | microtubule organizing center. Lies in the nucleus |
| centriole | short cylinder shaped organelles existing in pairs that occur in the centrosome and may help organize a mitotic spindle for shromosome movement suring animal cell division. |
| cilia | hairlike projections that used for the movement of cells |
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