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chpt. 7
betty davis jones second edition Medical definitions-abbreviations
| chapter 7 muscle | muscle anwer |
|---|---|
| insertion | the point of attachment of the muscle to the bone it moves |
| tendon | attaches muscle to bone |
| buccinator | cheek |
| sternomastioe | extends from the sternum upward along the side of the neck to the mastoid process |
| trapezius | triangular shape muscle that extends across the back of the shoulder covers the back of the neck and inserts on the clavicle and scapula |
| latissimus dorsi | originates from the vertebrae of lower back crosses the lower half of the thoracic region and passes between the humerus and scapula to inserts on the anterior surface of the humerus it forms the posterior border of the armpit |
| pectoralis major | fan shaped crosses the upper part of the front of the chest it forms the anterior boarder of the armpit |
| deltoids | it originates from the clavicle and the scapula and inserts on the lateral side of the humerus used for injections |
| biceps brachii | two heads originate on scapula and inserts on the radius |
| triceps brachii | three heads originate from the scapula and humerus and insert onto the olecranon process of the ulna the elbow |
| torso | main trunk of the body |
| gluteus maxi mus | large but muscle |
| gluteus medius | smaller but muscle used for injections |
| quadriceps femoris | muscle used to kick a ball |
| rectus femoris | muscle covers the center of the anterior part of the thigh this is a injection site |
| vastus medialis is located on the inner side of the femur | is located on the outerside of the femur used for injections |
| hamstring muscle | posterior part of the thigh responsible for flexing leg |
| gastrocnemius | main muscle of calf |
| tibialis anterior | positioned on the front of the leg it is responsible for turning foot inward and for dorsiflexion the foot |
| atrophy | shrinking of muscles |
| contract/contraction | a reduction in size |
| contracture | an abnormal usually permanent bending of the joint into a fixed position |
| fascia | thin sheets of fibrous connective tissue that penetrate and cover the entire muscle holding the fibers together |
| insertion | the point to attachment of a muscle to a bone that it moves |
| involuntary muscle | muscles that Acts without conscious control they are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and hormones |
| muscle fiber | the name given to the individual muscle cell |
| origin | the point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that is less movable |
| pelvic gridle weakness | weakness of the muscles of the pelvic gridle |
| pelvic gridle | muscles that extend the hip and the knee |
| pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy | a form of muscular dystrophy that is characterized by progressive weakness and muscle fiber degeneration without evidence of nerve involvement or degeneration of the nerve tissue |
| tendon | attaches the muscle to the bone |
| visceral muscle | muscles of the internal organs also know as smooth muscle |
| voluntary muscle | moves conscious control |
| bi | two |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| dors/o | back |
| dys | bad difficult painful disordered |
| electr/o | electrical |
| fasci/o | band of fibrous tissue |
| fib/o | fiber |
| graphy | process of recording |
| itis | inflammation |
| keiomy/o | smooth muscle |
| my/o | muscle |
| pector/o | pertaining to the chest |
| rhabdomy | straited muscle skeleton muscle |
| tri | three |
| troph/o | development |
| muscular dystrophy | is a group of genetically transmitted disorders characterized by progressive weakness and muscle fiber degeneration without evidence of nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue |
| polymyositis | chronic progressive disease affection the skeletal muscle it is characterized by muscle weakness and degeneration |
| strains | an injury to the body of the muscle or attachment of the tendon resulting from overstretching overexertion's or misuse |
| muscle biopsy | an extraction of a specimen of the muscle tissue for the purpose of examining it under a microscope |
| electromyography | is the process of recording the strength of the contraction of a muscle when it is stimulated by an electric current |
| IM | intramuscular |
| MD | muscular dystrophy |
| DTR | deep tendon reflexes |
| EMG | electromyography |
| fibrous joint | the surfaces of the bones fit closely together and are held together by connective tissue |
| cartilaginous joint | the bones are connected by cartilage as in the symphysis the joint between the pelvic area |
| extension | is a straightening motion |
| abduction | is the movement of a bone away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | is the movement of a bone toward the midline of the body |
| rotation | is the movement that involves the turning of a bone on its own axis |
| supination | is the act of turning palm up or forward |
| pronation | the act of turning the palm downward or backwards |
| dorsiflexion | of the foot narrows the angle between the leg and the top of the foot |
| plantar flexion | increases the angle between the leg and the top of the foot |
| circumduction | is the movement of an extremity around in a circular motion |
| articular cartilage | thin layer of cartilage protection and covering the connecting surfaces of the bones |
| articulation joint | the point at which two bones come together |
| ball and socket joint | a joint that allows movements in many directions around a central point |
| bunionectomy | surgical removal of bunion |
| bursa | a small sac that contains synovial fluid for lubrication the area around the joint where friction is most likely to occur |
| closed manipulation | the manual forcing of a joint back into its original position without making an incision also called closed reduction |
| crepitation | clicking or crackling sounds heard upon joint movement |
| ganglionectomy | surgical removal of a ganglion |
| joint cavity | the space between two connecting bones |
| kyphosis | humpback |
| ligaments | connective tissue joins bone to bone |
| malaise | a vague feeling of weakness |
| needle aspiration | the insertion of a needle into a cavity for the purpose of withdrawing fluid |
| photosensitive | increased reaction of the skin to exposure to sunlight |
| sciatica | inflammation of the sciatic nerve marked by pain and tenderness along the path of the nerve though the thigh and leg |
| subluxation | an incomplete dislocation |
| viscous | stick; gelatinous |
| ankyl/o | stiff |
| arthr/o | joint |
| articul/o | joint |
| burs/o | bursa |
| centesis | surgical puncture |
| desis | binding or surgical fusion |
| ligament/o | ligament |
| ten/o tendin/o tend/o | tendon |
| ankylosing spondylitis | type of arthritis that affects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine |
| bunion | is an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe |
| dislocation | is the displacement of a bone from its normal location |
| ganglion | is a cystic tumor developing on a tendon sometimes occurs on the back of the wrist |
| gout | is a form of acute arthritis that is characterized by inflammation of the first metatarsal joint of the great toe |
| herniated disk | is the rupture of the central portion or nucleus of the disk through the disk wall and into the spinal canal |
| Lyme disease | is an acute recurrent inflammatory infection transmitted through the bite of a an infected tick |
| osteoarthritis | is know as degenerative joint disease |
| rheumatoid arthritis | is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that affects multiple joints of the body mainly the small peripheral joints such as the hand and feet have |
| rheumatoid factor | test is a blood test that measures the presence of unusual antibodies that develop in a number of connective tissue diseases |
| erythrocyte sed rate | sedimentation rate is a blood test that measures the rate at which erythrocytes settle to the bottom of a test tube filled with uncollated blood |
| DIP | distal interphalangeal |
| LLE | left lower extremity |
| LUE | left upper extremity |
| MCP | metacarpophalangeal joint |
| MTP | metatarsophalangeal joint |
| PIP | proximal interphalangeal joint |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| RF | rheumatoid factor |
| RLE | right lower extremity |
| RUE | right upper extremity |
| SED RATE | sedimationtion rate |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
Created by:
rose phillips
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