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LewisCh26 Resp
Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The primary purpose of the respiratory system... | is gas exchange, which involves the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the blood. |
| The upper respiratory tract includes... | the nose, pharynx, adenoids, tonsils, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea. |
| The lower respiratory tract includes... | the bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli. |
| Normal tidal volume(VT), or volume of air exchanged with each breath... | about 500 ml. |
| Ventilation involves.. | Inspiration and expiration. |
| Inspiration is... | the movement of air into the lungs. |
| Expiration is... | the movement of air out of the lungs. |
| ABGs are measured to determine... | oxygenation status and acid-base balance. |
| ABG analysis includes measurement of... | the PaO2, PaCO2, acidity (pH), and bicarbonate (HCO3–) in arterial blood. |
| Arterial oxygen saturation can be monitored continously using a pulse oximetry probe on the.. | finger, toe, ear, or bridge of the nose. |
| The respiratory center in the brainstem medulla responds to.. | chemical and mechanical signals from the body. |
| A receptor that responds to a change in the chemical composition (PaCO2 and pH) of the fluid around it? | Chemoreceptor |
| Stimulated by a variety of physiologic factors, such as irritants, muscle stretching, and alveolar wall distortion? | Mechanical receptors |
| Respiratory defense mechanisms... | filtration of air, the mucociliary clearance system, the cough reflex, reflex bronchoconstriction, and alveolar macrophages. |
| During assessment a cough should be evaluated by... | the quality of the cough and sputum. |
| During physical examination... | nose, mouth, pharynx, neck, thorax, and lungs should be assessed. |
| Observe... | respiratory rate, depth, and rhythm. |
| Three normal breath sounds when listening to lungs? | Vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial. |
| Adventitious sounds (extra breath sounds that are abnormal) include... | crackles, wheezes, rhonci, and pleural friction rub. |
| Most commonly used test for assessment of the respiratory system, as well as the progression of disease and response to treatment? | Chest X-ray. |
| A procedure in which the bronchi are visualized through a fiberoptic tube and may be used for diagnostic purposes to obtain biopsy specimens and assess changes resulting from treatment? | Bronchoscopy. |
| Insertion of a large-bore needle through the chest wall into the pleural space to obtain specimens for diagnostic evaluation, remove pleural fluid, or instill medication into the pleural space? | Thoracentesis. |
| Measures lung volumes and airflow | Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) |
| The results of PFTs are used to | diagnose pulmonary disease, monitor disease progression, evaluate disability, and evaluate response to bronchodilators. |
Created by:
Brinny88
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