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ANP vitamin D cards
Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is turbecular? | lattice work of bones |
| What is resorption | surface of bones is broken down by osteoclasts, cells that erode the surface of bones |
| definition and function of bone remodeling | coupled process of bone resorption and formation |
| What are osteocytes? | bone cells contain mechanoreceptors/effectors |
| What are Osteoclasts | break down bone and take back the nutrients (resorb bone) |
| What are Osteoblasts | bone builders, bone marrow cells |
| What kind of cells form osteoclasts? what kind of cells form osteoblasts? | Haemopoetic cells form osteoclasts, stromal cells form osteoblasts |
| What is one way weight lifting helps build bone? | Stress the musculature that causes the bone mass to increase |
| define Osteoporosis | the disease characterized by low bone mass, and structural deterioration of bone tissue, Bone fragility, susceptibility for fractures, Porous bone |
| Explain what happens when blood calcium levels get low in regards to vitamin d | parathyroid detects low Ca, secretes PTH, PTH tarkets the kidneys by increasing reabsorption of Ca, & stimulating hydroxylase enzyme to convert calcidiol to calcitriol, the increased D3 and PTH travel to bone stimulating osteoblast increasing resorption |
| What does an increase of calcitriol do for intestines? | the calcitriol goes into the nucleus and increases the expression of the gene that codes for transporters of Ca and vitamin D in and out of the cells |
| What are the 2 ways vitamin travels in the blood once it is absorbed? | Incorporated into chylomicrons (to go to liver 40%) or bound to DBP (extrahepatic tissue 60%) |
| What fuel is vitamin D absorbed like? and what emulsifying agent is required to break that fuel down releasing vitamin D? | lipids, bile acids |
| vitamin d is mainly absorbed in the: | jejunum and ileum |
| 25 hydroxylase converts vitamin D in what form to which form? In which organs does this activity occur? | cholecalciferol----> 25 hydroxycholecalciferol (calcidiol), liver mainly, lungs, kidneys, intestines |
| 1-hydroxylase converts what to what? What organ is this mainly found? | calcidiol---->calcitriol, kidneys |
| After metabolism and secretion into bile what is the main path of excretion? | feces |
| What is the vitamin d responsive gene? Osteocalcin is vitamin ___ dependent | calbindin, vitamin K |
| Vitamin D has multiple other functions. Name some | cell differentiation and proliferation, immune modulation, insulin secretion, neuromuscular function, Ca and P homeostasis, bone mineralization, blood pressure |
| What are two diseases caused by vitamin d deficiency? | rickets: failure of bone to mineralize properly (bowed legs), osteomalacia: failure of bone remineralization during remodeling (painful swelling) |
| who is at risk of vitamin d deficiency? | elderly, infants, malabsorption disorders, disease of the liver kidney intestines or parathyroid |
| Why is the elderly at risk? | less sun exposure and less synthesis of 7 dehydrocholesterol due to less 25 hydroxylase enzyme |
| What is a good assessment tool for appropriate vitamin d levels? | Serum 25(OH)D |
| What is the risky disease state for vitamin d toxicity? | hypercalcemia: vitamin d causes a release of calcium from the bones |
| What does parathyroid hormone regulate? | calcium homeostasis |
Created by:
chelsea.adams
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