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anatomy ch 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the three parts of a carbohydrate | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| what are monosaccharides | simple sugars |
| examples of a monosaccharide | glucose and fructose |
| what is a disaccharide | 2 simple sugars condensed by dehydration synthesis |
| example of a disaccharide | sucrose |
| what are polysaccharides | many monosaccharides condensed by dehydration synthesis |
| examples of polysaccharides | glycogen, starch, cellulose |
| what is a lipid | mainly hyrophobic molecules such as fats, oils and waxes |
| what is a lipid made of | mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| examples of lipids | fatty acids, fats, steroids, phospholipids |
| what are fatty acids | long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms that end in a carboxylic acid group (energy source) (NON POLAR) |
| saturated means... | with hydrogen |
| unsaturated means... | one or more double bonds (mono=1 poly=1 or more) |
| how is a fat made | fatty acids attach to a glycerol molecule |
| what are triglycerides and their fuction | 3 fatty-acid tails. energy source, insulation, protection |
| what are steroids | 4 rings of carbon and hydrogen with an assortment or functional groups |
| types of steroids | cholesterol, estrogen & testosterone, corticosteroids & calcitriol, bile salts |
| what are phospholipids | diglycerides, compnents of plasma (cell) membranes |
| What are proteins formed from | amino acids & contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
| what are proteins | most abundent and important organic molecules, basic building blocks (12 amino acids) |
| protein functions | support, movement, transport, buffering, metabolic regulation, coordination and control, defense |
| what is denaturation | loss of shape & function due to heat of pH |
| what is the function of an enzyme | catalyst-proteins that lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction |
| what are nucleic acids | large organic molecules found in the nucleus which store and process info. @ the molecular level |
| DNA stands for... | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| fuctions of DNA | inherited characteristics, directs protein synthesis, controls enzyme produciton, controls metabolism |
| RNA stand for... | ribonucleic acid |
| function of RNA | controls intermediate steps in protein synthesis, copies genetic code |
| what are DNA and RNA made of | strings of nucleotides |
| what are the 3 molecular parts of nucleotides | a sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base |
| A always bonds with... | T |
| G always bongs with... | C |
| what is ATP | a high-energy compound used by cells (most important h-e compound) |
| what is ATPase | the enzyme that catalyzes phosphorylation |
| chemicals form functional unites called.... | cells |
| what does ATP stand for | adenosine triphosphate |
| how do cells make ATP | by adding a phosphate group to ADP |
| proteins are chains of amino acids linked by... | peptide bonds |
Created by:
elosa333
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