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Lymph & Immune Syst
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lymphatic System | Drainage system to transport proteinss & fluid tha have leaked out of blood capillaries back to bloodstream via veins. Lymphatic vessels in the intestines absorb lipids(fats) from the small intestine & transport them to the bloodstream. Immunity. |
| Lymph Nodes | mass of tissue located along the course of a lymphatic vessel. Filters potential harmful particles from lymph before returning it to bloodstream and monitors body fluids(immune surveillance)provided by lymphocytes & macrophages. |
| Lymph | Fluid that the lymphatic vessels carry. Returns the smaller protein molecules and fluid to the bloodstream. Transports foreign particles to the lymph nodes. Pevents edema. |
| Lymphatic Capillaries | are microscopic, closed-ended tubes that originate in the interstitial spaces of most tissues |
| Thoracic Duct | large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from below the diaphragm & from the left side of the body above the diaphragm; it empties the lymph into the left subclavian vein |
| Right Lymphatic Duct | Large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body |
| Lymphatic Pathway | lymph capillary->afferent lymph vessel->lymph node(septic system)->efferent lymph vessel->lymphatic trunk->collecting duct->subclavian vein |
| Afferent lymph vessels | lymph ENTERS a lymph node |
| Efferent lymph vessels | lymph LEAVES a lymph node |
| Spleen | Destruction of cells/Filtration/Activation of lymphocytes/storage of blood |
| Thymus | Imp. to the body's immunity. Houses Lymphocytes. Hormone Thymosin stimulate maturation of T cells. |
| Cisterna Chyli | reservoir, collects bad fluid, holds excess fluid. |
| Preyer's Patches | Pervade the mucosal lining of the distal small intestine.Within the Preyer's patches are M cells, through which certain ingested molecules pass by transcytosis, then face lymphocytes & other immune system cells that then may initiate an immune response. |
| Mucosa-Associated lymphoid tissues | Lymphoid tissues in the appendix, Preyer's patches, tonsils, adenoids and mesenteric lymph noids. |
| B cells | in lymph nodes, produce antibodies. |
| T cells | (Cytotoxic/Helper/Suppressor)attack bacteria and foreign cells by accurately recognizing a cell surface protein as foreign, attaching to it, poking holes in them and injecting them with toxic chemicals. |
| Adenoids | Are enlarged lymph tissue in the part of the throat near the nasal passages.(nasopharynx) |
| Tonsils | Are masses of lympg tissue in the throat near the back of the mouth(oropharynx) |
| Lymph Flow(lymphokinetic action) | Contraction of skeletal muscles and low pressure in the thorax created by breathing movements move lymph. |
| Phagocytosis | Neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages engulf & destroy foreign particles and cells. |
| Lymphatic pump (thoracic pump) | An osteopathic technique in which the thoracic cage is compressed intermittently to promote lymph flow & drainage. |
| Nonspecific Defenses | Species resistance/Mechanical Barriers/Chemical barriers/Natural killer cells/Inflammation/Phagocytosis/Fever |
| Specific Defenses | Cellular Immune response/Humoral(antibody) immune response/antigens/allergic reactions |
| Naturally acquired Active immunity | Exposure to live pathogens(desease causing agent) |
| Naturally acquired Passive immunity | Antibodies passed to fetus from pregnant woman with active immunity or to newborn through breast milk from a woman with active immunity |
| Artificially acquired Active immunity | Exposure to vaccine |
| Artificially acquired Passive immunity | Injection of gamma globulin containing antibodies or antitoxin |
| Active VS Passive immunity | Active immunity lasts much longer than passive immunity |
| Natural immunity | Inherited & is present at birth to fight off infection. No prior exposure to antigens/Neutrophils/monocytes & macrophages |
| Acquired immunity | Antibodies produced after exposure to antigen/vaccination/antitoxins/immunoglobins/maternal antibodies/T&B cells |
| Inflammation | Helps prevent the spread of infectious agents into nearby tissues. Produces lacalized redness, swelling, heat, and pain. |
| Inflammation response | Blood vessels dilate/White blood vessels invade region/Tissue fluids containing clotting factors seep into area/Fibroblasts arrive/Phagocytes are active/Cells devide to replace damaged cells. |
| Chemical Barrier | enzymes in fluids,pH extremes and high salt concentraion kill pathogens/Interferons, Defensins,Collectins & Complement. |
| Interferons | (cytokine)Induce production of other proteins that block reproduction of viruses, stimulate phagocytosis & enhance the activity of B cells so they resist infection & the growth of tumors. |
| Diapedes | Squeezing of leukocytes between the cells of blood vessel walls |
| Defensins | Damage bacteria cell walls& membranes. |
| Collectins | grab onto microbs, provide broad protection against bacteria, yeast, and some viruses. |
| Complement | A group of proteins that stimulates inflammation, attracts phagocytes, and enhances phagocytosis. |
| Dendritic cells | a specialized macrophage that digests foreign cells. |
| Macrophage | large white cell that is a phagocyte |
| Natural Killer Cells | Destinc type of lymphocyte that secretes perforins that burst virus-infected cells and cancer cells. |
| Antigen presenting cell | The cell that displays the antigen to the cells of the immune system so they can defend the body. (macrophages and B cells) |
| Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) | Antigens that help T cells recognize that an antigen is foreign, not self. |
| Cytotoxic T cell (T8 or CD8) | (effector)attach to antigens on bacteria, viral or cell surface and directly kill the antigen |
| Helper T cells (T4 or CD4) | Promote antibody synthesis by B cells and stimulate T cells |
| Supressor cells (tregs) | inhibit(shuts down B and T cell |
| Memory cells | provide future immune protection |
| Antigen | Substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response. |
| Immunoglobulins | Antibodies(gamma globulins)sush as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigen. |
| IgG | Defends against bacteria, viruses & toxins;activates complement |
| IgA | Defends agains bacteria & viruses(exocrene gland secretion) |
| IgM | Reacts with antigens on some red blood cell membranes following mismatched blood transfusions;activates complement |
| IgD | B cell activation |
| IgE | Promotes inflammation and allergic reactions |
| Chemotaxis | Attraction of leukocytes to chemicals released from damaged cells |
| Autoimmune dissorders | Graves disease/Type 1 diabetes/MS/Myasthenia graves/Pernicious anemia/Rheumatic fever/Rheumatoid arthritis |
Created by:
nadiapr
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