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pharm witc test 3

packet notes ash

QuestionAnswer
medications that affect the heart and blood vessels cardiovascular drugs
drug that improves muscle tone of the heart used primarily for CHF cardio glycosides (cardiotonics)
weakining and degeneration of the heart muscle. the heart cannot keep up with the blood flow and and it backs up in the body. creates decreased cardiac output Congestive heart failure CHF
causes of CHF valve damage,muscle damage, inflamation, congenital defects, hyperrtension
symptoms of CHF fast heart rate, edema and one side of the heart may weaken before the other
right heart failure ankle edema, distended neck veins, and liver and abdomen enlargement
left heart failure pulmonary edema, dyspenea, orthopenea, and coughing up blood
usual treatment for CHF cardiac glycosides, diuretics, and low salt diet
cardiac glycosides strengthen the heart increase the force of contraction slow the heartbeat improve muscle tone of myocardium stimulate the pacemaker cells
side effects of cardiac glycosides N&V headaches dizziness visual disturbance
if patient is on cardiotonics always take the patients pulse: apical pulse is best count for a full min if pulse is below 60 does is usually not given
Arrhythmia (dysrhythmia) any deviation of the normal rhythm of heart beat
arrhythmia common: after MI and common in coonary artery disease
antiarrhtmic agents: act on pacemaker cells used for :tachycardia, fibrillation, and flutter
coronary vasodialaters (nitrates) used for angina dialates coronary arteries so heart muscle recieves more oxygen
angina pecoris chest pain after exerrtion caused by ischemia of myocardium
side effects of coronary vasodialaters (nitrates) dizziness headaches N&V facial flushing increased pulse rate
Adrenergics vasoconstrictors vasopressers raises bp shock heart block
diuretics assist body to eliminate excess fluid through the kidneys
uses of duretics heart failure hypertension edema renal dysfunction
common side effects of diuretics fatigue muscle weakness hypokalemia nausea
antihypertensives nonpharmacologic treament low salt diet weight reduction exercise program stop smoking stress reduction
antihypertensice pharamacologic treatment meds
beta blockers act to block effecs of sympathetic nervous system
callcium channel blockers block absorption of calcium in the smooth muscle of the heart and blood vessels. also dialates blood vessels
ACE inhibitors angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor helps blood vessels reelax by blocking enzyme that constricts blood vessels
antilipemic agents (statins) elevated serum cholesteral and elevated ldl
desireable total cholesterol under 200
borderline total cholesterol 200-239
high total cholesterol 240 and above
LDL low density lipoproteins bad cholesterol sticks to blood vessel walls ideal under 100
HDL high density lipoproteins good cholesterol rescues ldl pieces and returns them to the liver should be at least 40
triglycerides should be below 150
niacin raises HDL
side effects of statins headache dizziness alteration of taste insomnia diarrhea
statins are hard on the liver : so common blood work needed every 6 months lipid panel AST
anticoagulatants slow the clotting of blood
anticoagulatants are given for blood clots heart attacks strokes atrial fibrillation artificial heart valve
if on anticoagulants must have regular blood clotting tests (INR or protime) must not take meds that decrease clotting and must watch for signs of bleeding
thrombolytics dissolve clots "clot busters"
hemostatics help clots to form vitamin K
hematinics stimulate bone marrow to make RBC's
Created by: beachsweetie
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