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Heart ch15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pericardium | double layered membrane surrounding the heart |
| Visceral Pericardium (epicardium) | thinnest, innermost layer, protects heart by reducing friction |
| Parietal Pericardium | lining the outer fibrous coat |
| Myocardium | (meat)muscular middle layer |
| endocardium | inner layer, smooth, epithelium & connective tissue |
| Tricuspid valve | right atrioventrical orifice, prevents blood from moving from right ventricle into right atrium during ventricular contraction |
| Mitral (bucuspid) valve | left atrioventrical orifice, prevents blood from moving from left ventricle into left atrium during ventricular contraction |
| Aortic valve | entrance to aorta, prevents blood from moving from aorta into left ventricle during ventricular relaxation |
| Pulmonary valve | entrance to pulmonary trunk, prevents blood from moving from pulmonary trunk into right ventricle during ventricular relaxation |
| Pulmonary circulation | eliminates carbon dioxide via the lungs & oxygenates the blood. flow of blood from the heart to lungs and back to heart |
| Systemic circulation | delivers oxygen to all body cells & carries away wastes. flow of blood from body tissue to heart and from heart back to body tissues |
| SA Node (sinoatrial) | pacemaker, generates hearts rhythmic contractions |
| AV Node (atrioventricular) | in interatial septum, transmits cardiac impulses from the SA node to AV bundle |
| AV Bundle (Bundle of His) | group of specialized fibers that conducts impulses from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers |
| Purkinje Fibers | specialized muscle fibers that conduct the cardiac impulse from AV bundle to ventricular walls |
| Systole | contracting/lubb tricuspid and mitral(biscuspid) valves closed. pulmonary and aorta valves open |
| Diastole | relaxation/dupp tricuspid & mitral valves open pulmonary & aorta valves close |
| Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) | record the electrical activity associated with heart beat, they reveal arrythmias |
| Stress Test(ETT) | Exercise tolerant test, determines the hearts response to physical exertion(stress) |
| Stroke Volume | volume of blood the systolic ventricle discharges with each heartbeat |
| Cardiac Output | volume of blood per minute that the heart pumps |
| Frank-Starling Law of heart | the relatively longer the cardiac muscle fibers, the greater the force of contraction |
| Preload | blood entering & filling the relaxed ventricles prior to contraction |
| Afterload | the force required to open the semilunar valves to eject blood from ventricles |
| Congestive Heart Failure | heart unable to pump it's required amount of blood |
| Cardiac Conduction System | cordinates cardiac cycle |
| Components of Cardiac Conduction System | SA node->Atria->Junctional fibers->AV node->AV bundle(bundle of his)->bundle branches->Purkinje fibers->ventricles |
| Path of blood thru heart and pulmonary circuit | Venae cavae->right atrium->tricuspid valve->right ventricle->pulmonary valve->pulmonary trunk->pulmonary arteries->alveolar capillaries(lungs)->pulmonary veins->left atrium->mitral valve->left ventricle->aortic valve->aorta->to systemic circuit |
| Gap Junctions | connect muscle cells |
| P wave of ECG | depolarizing of atria fibers |
| QRS wave of ECG | depolarizing of ventricular fibers |
| T wave of ECG | repolarizing of ventricular muscle fibers |
| A fib | misses the P wave |
| Blood pressure | tells you pressure in arteries upper#-how much pressure it takes for blood to flow lower#-relaxed pressure healthy when numbers are far apart |
| Vagus nerve | slows down heart |
| Parasympathetic nerves | Control heart |
| Chief determinant of arterial blood pressure | volume |
| Artery | largest blood vessel, thic, strong, carries blood under high pressure from the heart to arterioles |
| Capillary | smallest blood vessel, materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls |
| Vein | thin walled vessel that carries blood under low pressure from body tissues & lungs back to heart. Veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood. |
| Hypertension(high blood pressure) | reduce blood flow to kidneys->kedneys release renin->Renin produces angiotensin II->angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction->blood pressure elevated->blood flow to kidneys returns toward normal |
| Risk factors for Stroke | alcohol-diabetes-high cholesterol-hypertension-smoking |
| Drugs to treat Hypertension | ACE inhibitors=block formation of angiotensin II, preventing vasocontriction/ Beta Blockers=lower heart rate Diuretics=increase urine output, lowering blood volume/Calcium channel blockers=dilate blood vessels by keeping calcium ions out of muscle cells |
| Arrythmias | problems with the conduction system of the heart: fibrillation & flutter |
| Atherosclerosis | Deposits of fatty materials, cholesterol, form within the inner lining of the arterial walls called plaque that interfere with blood flow. |
| Arteriosclerosis | a stage of atherosclerosis where a sclerotic (hardened) may rupture under the force of blood pressure |
| Myocardial infarct | heart attack |
| Angina (pectoris) | chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia. Stable angina occurs predictably with exertion;unstable angina is chest pain that occurs more often and with less exertion |
Created by:
nadiapr
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