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Work Sheet 1
Work Sheet for Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What were the 4 postulates (claims) that Darwin proposed which made up the theory of Natural Selection ? | a. individuals in populations are variable b. The variations are passed down to offsprings c. Some individuals are more successful at surviving and reproducing d. Individuals with most favorite variations are naturally selected. |
| Darwin calls the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its environment, _________________. | Darwinian fitness |
| Biologists use the word ____________ to refers to a trait or characteristics of an organism, like a modified form of reverse transcriptase, that increases its fitness relative to individuals without the trait. | adaptation |
| On p77 of the text writes, "To understand how natural selection works, we have to think statistically." What are they talking about ? | Darwin-Wallace theory/Natural Selection is testable. There are neither hidden assumptions nor anything that has to be accepted uncritcally. |
| On p77, the authors write "An important aspect of fitness is its relative nature," What are they talking about ? | Fitness refers to how well an individual survives and how many offspring they leave compared to other individuals. |
| Why was the island Daphne Major a good choice for the Grands in their research on the medium ground finch ? | a. few finches migrate onto or off of the island ~ limited gene flow b. small population made it easier for scientists to study c. |
| For finch species, what is the connection between beak size and seed size ? | large peak eats larger seeds & smaller peak eats smaller seeds |
| With respect to beak depth, was the finch population on Daphne Major variable ? How do we know ? | They were able to measure and mark 100% of the population. They found the the cor-relationship between the beak size - beak depth - and the size of the seeds harvested. |
| The slopes of the two lines in fig 3.10 increase from left to right. Why is this and what is its significant to our discussion of natural selection ? | The average peak depth of finches increased as the average peak depth of offsprings also increased. |
| Arhat Abzhanov and colleagues discovered a clue to the variation in beak size in medium ground finches. What was the clue ? | Bone morphogenic protein 4, BMP4 - a signalling molecule that helps shape the beaks |
| During the drought of 1977, there was a large decline in the middle ground finch population. Why ? | due to the decline in the availability of the seeds the birds depend on for food. |
| Why did the average beak size and the body size of finches got larger after 1977 drought ? | Because larger body and deeper beaks were favorable trait after the drought. The key food left was hard to crack so only birds with deep narrow beaks that can crack and eat the fruit could survive. |
| The chicks of hatched in 1978 had deeper beaks than the chicks hatched in 1976 before the drought in Isla Dephne Major island. What does that tell us ? | When the deep beaked birds who survived the 1977 drought, they passed their genes for deep beaks to their offspring. |
| The figure 3.14 shows the pattern of change in the population averages for 30 years on Daphne Major. What is the take home message ? | Population evolves: small evolutionary changes over short time spans can accumulate into larger changes over longer time spans. |
| On fig. 3.15, what is the meaning of the horizontal light colored bands ? | The average beak size, average beak shape, and average body size of medium ground finches over 30 years. It means population evolved. |
Created by:
agerwin911
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