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GeNeTiC dIsOrDeRs(:
genetic disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a genetic disorder? | an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes |
| Some genetic disorders are caused by what? | mutations in the DNA of genes, changes in the overall structure or number of chromosomes |
| What is Cystic fibrosis? | a genetic disorder in which the body produces abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines |
| What is cystic fibrosis caused by? | a recessive allele on one chromosome |
| What is sickle-cell disease? | a disease that affects hemoglobin, a protein in red-blood cells that carries oxygen |
| What is the allele for the sickle cell trait? | codominant with the normal allele |
| What is hemophilia? | A genetic disorder in which a person's blood clots very slowly or not at all |
| Is hemophilia more common in males or females? | males |
| What is hemophilia caused by? | a recessive allele on the X chromosome |
| What is Down syndrome? | a genetic disorder where a person's cells have an extra copy of chromosome 21 |
| When does Down syndrome most often occur? | when chromosomes fail to seperate properly during meiosis |
| What is an affect of Down syndrome? | have some degree of mental retardation, and heart defects are more common, but can be treated |
| What is one important tool that geneticists use to trace the inheritance of traits in humans | a pedigree |
| What is the definition of 'pedigree'? | a chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
| In a pedigree, what geometric shape represents a male? | square |
| In a pedigree, what geometric shape represents a female? | circle |
| What does a completely shaded square or circle represent? | that the person has the trait |
| What indicates that the person is a carrier in a pedigree/ | a half-shaded circle or square |
| What tools do geneticists use to help diagnose genetic disorders? | a karyotype |
| How are people with genetic disorders helped? | Through medical care, education, job training, and other methods |
| what is a karyotype? | a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell |
| What can a karyotype reveal? | whether a person has the corect number of of chromosomes in his or her cells |
| A couple that has a family history of a genetic disorder may turn to whom for help? | a genetic counselor |
| What are three methods for developing organisms with desirable traits? | Selective breeding, cloning, and genetic engineering |
| What does the technique of inbreeding involve? | crossing two individuals that have similar characteristics |
| Inbred organisms are what? | genetically similar |
| What happens in hybridization? | breeders cross two genetically different individuals? |
| What is a clone? | an organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced |
| What ANIMALS have been cloned before? | sheep, goats, and pigs! |
| What happens during the process of genetic engineering? | genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism |
| What can genetic engineering produce and improve? | medicines and food crops |
| What does the process of gene therapy involve? | inserting copies of a gene directly into a person's cells |
| What is a genome/ | all the DNA in one cell of an organism |
| Whta is the main goal of the Human Genome Project? | to identify the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome |
| Who are the only people that have exactly identical DNA fingerprints? | identical twins |
Created by:
mrshultz
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