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Phys. Assess Ch. 16
Nose, Mouth, Throat
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the nose? | first segment of the respiratory system |
| What does the nose do? | it warms, moistens, and filters inhale air, sensory organ of smell |
| Nares widen into the? | vestibule |
| What does the columella do? | divides the 2 nares |
| What is the ala? | the lateral outside wing of the nose on either side |
| What is the nasal cavity? | it is much larger than the external nose would indicate, extends over over the roof of the mouth |
| What does the mucuous blanket filter? | dust and bacteria |
| Nasal mucosa differs from oral mucosa how? | redder |
| The nasal cavity is divided by? | the septum |
| The anterior part of the septum hold? | a rich vascular network (kiesselbach's plexus) nose bleeds |
| What are the 3 parallel bony projections in the nose? | the superior, middle, and inferior turbinates |
| What do the turbinates do? | increase the SA so that more blood vessels and mucous membrance are avaliable to warm and filter air |
| The olfactory receptors lie? | at the roof of the nasal cavity and in the upper one thrid of the septum |
| What are the paranasal sinuses? | air filled poclets within the cranium. |
| What to paranasal sinuses do? | communicate with the nasal cavity and are lined with the same type of ciliated mucous membrane, They lighten the weight of the skull |
| What serve as resonators for sound production and provide mucus? | Paranasal sinuses |
| What 2 pairs of sinuses are accessible to examinations? | the frontal sinuses and the maxillary sinuses |
| What 2 sinuses are small and deep? | ethmoid, sphenoid sinuses |
| What are the only sinuses present at birth? | maxillary and ethmoid |
| When do maxillary sinuses full size? | after permenant teeth are in |
| What is the oral cavity? | short passage bordered by the lips, palate, cheeks, and tongue |
| What is the hard palate made up of? | bone and it is a whitish color |
| What is the soft palate? | muscle that is pinker and mobile |
| What is the uvula? | free projection hanging dow from the middle of the soft palate |
| What is the tongue? | a mass of striated muscle arranged in a crooswise pattern so that is can change shape and position |
| What are rough bumpy elevation on the tongue? | papillae |
| What is the frenulum? | a midline fold of tissue that connects the togue to the floor of the mouth |
| The mouth contains how many pairs of salivary glands? | three |
| What is the mouths largest gland? | parotid, lies within the cheecks |
| What gland in the mouth is the size of a walnut? | submandibular |
| Where is the wharton's duct? | runs up and forward to the floor of the mouth and opens at either side of the frenulum |
| What is the smallest gland in the mouth? | Sublingual |
| How many teeth do adults have? | 32 |
| What are the three parts of a tooth? | neck, crown, and root |
| What is the oropharynx separated by? | seperated from the mouth by a fold of tissue on each side |
| What kind of tissue are tonsils? | lymphoid |
| What nasopharynx is continuous with? | the oropharynx |
| What are pharyngeal tonsils? | adenoids |
| Salvation starts at? | 3 months |
| How many teeth do children have? | 20 deciduous (temporary) |
| Atrophic tissue does what easily? | uncerate |
| What does malocclusion cause? | excessive bone resorption with further tooth loss, muscle imbalance results from a mandible and maxilla now out of alignment, joint is stressed |
| What is the main cause of decrease saliva? | anticholinergic meds |
| What is bifid uvula? | condition where the uvula is split completely or partially |
| What is torus palatinus? | bony ridge running the the middle of the hard palate |
| What is leudoedema? | a grayish white benign lesions occuring on the buccal mucosa |
| What do you note about the nose? | discharge, colds, sinus pain, trauma, nosebleeds, allergies, altered smell |
| What do you note about the mouth and throat? | sores or lesions, sore throat, bleeding gums, toothache, hoarsenss, dysphagia, altered taste, smoking, alcohol, self care behaviors |
| What do you ask about discharge? | watery, purulent, mucoid, bloody |
| What do you ask about nosebleeds? | how much, color, from one nostril or both, how do you treat |
| What is Rhinorrhea? | occurs with colds, allergies, sinus infection, truma |
| Seasonal rhinitis is due to? | pollen |
| What do you ask about sore throat? | how frequently, when does it start, is it worse when arising |
| Untreated strep throat may lead to the complication of? | rheumatic fever |
| What is dysphagia? | difficulty swallowing |
| When does dysphagia occur? | during pharyngitis, GI reflux disease, stroke, esophageal cancer |
| Chronic tobacco use is associated with? | tooth loss,caries, and periodontal disease |
| Eruption of teeth is delayed by? | down syndrome, cretinism, rickets and impair nutrition |
| Teeth straight= | malocclusion |
| dry mouth= | xerostomia |
| How do you test patency of the nostrils? | pushing each nostril wing shut with finger while asking the person to sniff |
| What does nasal mucose look like? | red color and smooth |
| What chronic allergy what does mucosa look like? | swollen, boggy, pale, and gray |
| What does a deviated septum look like? | hump or shelf in one nasal cavity |
| What are polyps? | smooth, pale gray, avascular, mobile, non tender |
| Sinus areas are tender to palpation in persons with? | chronic allergies and acute infections |
| When is transillumination used? | when you suspect sinus inflammation, fluid filled sinuses will not transiliiuminate |
| What do you inspect the lips for? | color, moisture, cracking, lesions |
| Circumoral pallor occurs with? | shock and anemia |
| Cyanosis with? | hypoxiemia, and chilling |
| Cherry red lips with? | carbon monoxide poisoning |
| Acidosis occurs with? | aspirin poisoning |
| The condition of the teeth is an index of the persons? | general health |
| Swollen tongue indicates? | mental retardation, hypothyroidism |
| Excess saliva and drooling occur with? | gingivostomatitis and neurologic dysfunction |
| Check the tonge for? | color, surface, and moisture |
| Oral malignancies are most likely to develop where? | in the u shaped area under the tongue |
| Dappled brown patches are present on the buccal mucose with? | addison's disease |
| orifice of stensen's duct look? | red with mumps |
| Koplik's spots are early sign of? | measels |
| The chalky white raised patch of leukoplakia is? | abnormal |
| Check the buccal mucosa for? | color, nodules, or lessions |
| What is the opening of the parotid salivary gland? | stensen's duct |
| What is leukoedema? | a larger patch in the buccal mucosa, benign grayish opaque area |
| What are fordyce's granules? | small, isolated white or yellow papules on the mucosa of cheeck, tongue, and lips |
| What is the torus palatinus? | nodular body ridge down the middle of the hard palate |
| Oral kaposi's sarcoma is the most common early lesion with people with? | aids |
| What a person says AHHH during an exam what is it testing? | cranial nerve X, vagus nerve |
| Any deviation to the side or absent movement of the uvula indicated? | nerve damage |
| What are the tonsil grades? | 1+: visible 2+: halfeay between tonsillar pillars and uvula 3+: touching the uvula 4+: touching eachother |
| What does the gag reflex test? | cranial nerve IX and X, glossopharyngeal and vagus |
| How do you test cranial nerve XII? | by asking the person to stick out the tongue |
| With cranial nerve XII damage the tongue deviates toward the? | paralyzed side |
| Nasal flaring indicated? | respiratory distress |
| What is sucking tubercle? | small pad in the middle or the upper lip from feeding |
| What is ankyloglossia? | short lingual frenulum, impair speech |
| A very narrow or very high palate indicates? | turner's syndrome, ehlers danlos syndrom, marfan's syndrome |
| What are epstein pearls? | small, whitish, glistening, pearly papules along the median raphe of the hard palate and on the gums, where they look like teeth |
| Whata re bednar aphthae? | traumatic areas or ulcers on the posterior hard palate on either side of the midline |
| What is choanal atresia? | body or mebranous septum between the nasal cavity and the pharynx of a newborn |
| What is epistaxis? | common site of nosebleeds is kiesselback's plexus |
| What is perforated septum? | a hole in the septum |
| What is a furuncle? | a small boil located in the skin or mucous membrane, appears red and swollen |
| What is acute rhinitis? | clear watery discharge, sneezing swollen mucosa |
| What is allergic rhinitis? | itching of nose and eyes, congested, sneezing, serous edema |
| What is sinusitis? | facial pain after infection, red swollen nasal mucose, purulent discharge |
| What are nasal polyps? | small pale gray nodules, overgrowths of mucosa, caused by chronic allergic rhinitis, mobile and nontender |
| What is carcinoma? | gray white and nontender, produces slow bloody unilateral discharge |
| What is cleft lip? | most common congenital deformity |
| What is herpes simplex 1? | clear vesicles with a surrouding indurated erythematous base, evolve into pustules that rupture, weep and crust, heal in 4-10 days, contagious, precipitated by sunlight, fever, cold, and allergy |
| What is angular cheilitis? | Erythema, scaling, shallow, and painful fissures at the corners of the mouth, occur with excess salvation |
| What is carcinoma? | lesion is round and indurated, becomes crusted and ulcerated with an elevated border |
| What is retention cyst? | round, well defined translucent nodule, it is a pocket of mucus |
| What is baby bottle tooth decay? | destruction of numerous deciduous teeth, take bottle to bed |
| What is malocclusion? | upper or lower dental arches are not in alignment and incisors protrude from developmental problem of mandible or maxilla |
| What is epulis? | a nontender fibrous nodule of the gum |
| What is gingival hyperplasia? | painless enlargement of the gumes |
| What is gingivitis? | gum margins are red, swollen, and bleed easily |
| What is meth mouth? | extensive dental caries, gingivitis, tooth cracking and edentulism |
| What is aphthous ulcers? | canker sore, painful |
| What is leukoplakia? | chalky white, thick raised patch with well defined borders, does not scrape off |
| What is candidiasis? | white, curdlike patch on the buccal mucosa and tongue "trush" |
| What is ankyloglossia? | a short lengual frenulum, limits mobility |
| What is fissured tongue? | deep furrows divide the papillae into small irregualr rows, dehydration |
| What is migratory glossitis? | bright red, shiny, circular bald areas with raized pearly borders |
| What is smooth, glossy tongue? | slick and shiny, decreased papillae, dryness of tongue |
| What is black hairy tongue? | overgrowth of mycelial threads of fungus infection on the tongue, wit use of antibiotics |
| What is cleft palate? | failure of fusion of the maxillary process |
| What is oral kaposi's sarcoma? | bruiselike, dark red or violet, confluent macule, usually on the hard palate |
Created by:
alicia.rennaker
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