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Lccc drugs to know
common drugs
| drug name | side effects | classification | uses/drug action | special concerns | outcomes | Peaks/half life/duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MORPHINE | constipation, seizures, cardiac arrest, shock, respiratory distress | opiod analgesic | treat pain by binding with opiate receptors in CNS, altering perception of and emotional esponse to pain | keep opioid antagonist and resuscitation equipment ready, check respiratory rate & depth Q 30-60min for first 24 hours. | decrease pain | |
| TYLENOL | few when taken in usual therapeutic doses | non-narcotic analgesic | control of pain due to headache, earache, dysmenorrhea, arthralgia, myalgia, musculoskeletal pain, arthritis, immunizations, teething, tonsillectomy, reduce fever in bacterial or viral infections | Route: oral | decrease pain & fever | Peak plasma levels 30-120 min/ half life 45 min-3 hr. |
| ASA (aspirin) | heartburn, dyspepsia, anorexia, nausea, occult blood loss, epigastic discomfort, GI bleeding | Nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drug, analgesic, antipyretic | pain, gout, arthritis, osteoarthritis, SLE, acute rheumatic fever, | Route: caplets, gum, tablets, suppositori don't use in children and teenagers with flu or chickenpox may result in the development of Reye's syndrome. moniter kids and elderly closely. may have drug/herb interaction. may potentiate antidiabetic drugs. | relief of pain/discomfort, improved joint mobility/function, decreased fever and vascular mortality, decreased inflammation, proplylaxis of MI/TIA | half life asprin 15-20 min: salicylic acid, 2-20 hr depends on dose |
| DARVOCET | dizziness, sedation, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting | non-narcotic analgesic | mild to moderate pain (may be used if fever is present) | Route: Tablets Use during pregnancy only if benefits outweigh risks. anticipate reduced dose in the elderly and in those with renal and hepatic dysfunction. | control of pain'discomfort | (blank) |
| DURAGESIC PATCH (fENTANYL) | seizures, arrythmias, respiratroy problems, apnea | narcotic analgesic | continuous delivery of fentanyl up to 72 hrs. Used for severe chronic pain that cannot be managed with less powerfull drugs. | Route: transdermal (film); moniter circulatory, respiratory, bladder and bowel function carefully. | desired pain control | it may take 24 hr for affect. provide short-acting analgesic until analgesic efficacy is reached with transdermal system. |
| HEPARIN | hemmorhage, overly prolonged clotting time, thrombocytopnia, chills, fever, urticaria, headache, N&V | anticoagulant | Pulmonary/peripheral arterial embolism, proplylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis, atrial fibrillation with embolization, prevent DVT an PE in pregnant clients | Routes: IV & Deep Sub Q; Lab Tests: CBC, PT, PTT, renal and LFTs, INR; use with caution in mestruation and pregnant women | PTT: 2-2.5 times the control/normal, prevention of trombus formation, clot prophylaxis/treatment, indewelling catheter patency | Onset: IV immediately, Deep Sub Q 20-60 min. Peak plasma levels after Sub Q 2-4 hr. half life 30-180 min in healthy person. half time increases with dose, sever renal disease and cirrhosis |
| COUMADIN (Warfarin) | Hemorrhage may occur from tissue or organ, headache, paralysis, pain in the joints, abdomen, or chest, difficulty in breathing or swallowing, SOB,re-orange urine | anticoagulant | Prophylaxis and treatment of veous thrombosis and its extension. Prophylaxis and treatment of atrial fibrillation with embolization. Prophylaxis and treatment of pulmonary embolism | Routes: oral, IV; LAB Test PT and INR, Has many drug interactions regularly inspect patient for bleeding bums, bruises on body, petechiae, nosebleeds, tarry stools, hematuria and hematemesis, | PT within desired rant (1.5-2 times control), INR within desired range (2.0-3.0 with standard therapy; 2.5-4.0 with high-dose therapy, decreased risk of thromboembolism with prosthetic heart valves, resolution/prophylaxis of DVT | usually takes 36-48 hr for drug to reach steady state, peak activity 1.5-3 days, duration 2-5 days, half life 1-2.5 days |
| NEURONTIN | usually well tollerated, dizziness, drowsiness, and peripheral edema, fatigue, weight gain, tremor, dental abnormalities | anticonvulsant | treatment of seizures, epilepsy, used to relieve pain, especially neuropathic pain | Route: oral some drug interaction | control of seizure activity, chronic pain control | half life 5-7 hr. |
| LASIX | fluid and electrolyte depletion leading to dehydration, hypovolemia, thromboembolism, hypokalemia and hypochloremia may cause metabolic alkalosis. nausea, oral and gastric irritation, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, or constipation, cramps | diuretic, loop | edema associated with CHF, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic cirrhosis, and ascites. IV for acute pulmonary edema, PO to treat hypertension in conjunction with spironolactone, triamterene, and other diuretics. | Route: oral, IV, IM | enhanced diuresis, resolution of pulmonary edema, decreased dependent edema, decreased serum calcium levels | onset PO, IM 30-60 min; IV 5 min. Peak:PO, IM 1-2 hr; IV: 20-60 min, half life about 2 hr after PO use. Duration : PO, IM 6-8 hr; IV: 2 hr |
| GUAIFENESIN (ROBITUSSIN) | N&V, GI upset, dizziness, headache, rash, urticaria | Expectorant | Dry, nonproductive cough due to colds and minor upper respiratory tract infections when there is mucus in the respiratory tract, to loosen phlegm and thin bronchial secretions | Route: oral, liquid, syrup, tablets | control of coughing episodes, mobilization of mucus | half life 1 hr. |
| DILANTIN (PHENYTOIN) | drowsiness, ataxia, dysarthria, confusion, insomnia, nervousness, irritability, depression, tremor, numbness, headache, psychoses, nystagmus | anticonvulsant/ as an antiarrhythmic it increases the electrical stimulation threshold of the heart muscle. | chronic epilepsy,Phenytoin acts to damp the unwanted, runaway brain activity seen in seizure by reducing electrical conductance among brain cells. | Route: oral, IV, IM LAB TEST: monitor drug levels in the blood ECG, CBC, liver, and renal function studies. (may lower, serum Mg, folate, calcium and Vitamin D, watch for gingival hyperplasia | control of seizures, termination of ventricular arrhythmias, stable cardiac rhythm, therapeutic drug levels (5-20 mcg/mL) | Peak serum levels: 4-8 hr. IM, 24 hrs, half life 8-60 hr (average 20-30 hr), steady state 7-10 days after initiation |
| PREDNISONE | may cause moderate fluid retention. pseudotumor cerebri, seizures, heart failure, thromboembolism, arrythmias, pancreatitis, acute adrenal insufficiency | Glucocorticoid | effective as an immuno suppresant, Autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases (such as sever asthma, sever poison ivy, and Crohn’s disease) Various kidney diseases including nephritic syndrome, and to 3 to 5 times as potent as cortisone or hydrocortisone | Route: oral dose is individualized, LAB TEST monitor CBC, ESR, electrolytes, blood sugar, weights and mental staus. | relief of allergic, immune, and inflammatory manifestations, control of pain | (blank) |
| ALBUTEROL (Salbutamol) | Dronchospasms, tremor, dizziness, headache, tachycardia, diarrhea, drymouth appetite loss or stimulation, epigastric pain, excitement, nervousness, tension, vertigo, drowsiness, fatigue, lightheadedness | Sympathomimetic (bronchodilator) | in conditions such as asthma and COPD.relaxes bronchial, uterine and vascular smooth muscle by stimulating beta2 receptors | Route: oral, inhalation Document PFTs, CXR and lung sounds, monitor pulmonary status VS, peak flow or ABGs | improved breathing patterns/airway exchange | Onset PO 15-30 min, inhalation, within 5 min, Peak effect PO 2-3 hr; inhalation 60-90 min after 2 inhalations, Duration PO 4-8 hr (upto 12 for extended-release. inhalation 3-6 hr. |
Created by:
slofin
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