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medical microbiology

cholera lecture 1

QuestionAnswer
chlora? Vibrio cholerae An infectious disease Is a waterborne disease Organism infects the intestines Secretes exotoxin Causes massive diarrhea can be fatal
epidemic? A disease acquired by many people in a given area in a short time
pandemic? a world wide epidemic
endemic? A disease that is always present in an area
miasm? Any noxious exhalant from putrifying organic matter.
who is Fracastro? GERM THEORY OF DISEASE. Says that disease is caused by invisible particles or seeds that went from one person to another.
John Snow? Father of Epidemiology The organism that causes cholera is transmitted by water.
epidemiology? the science that studies when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted.
1880s - Louis Pasteur? father of bacteriology
1882 - Robert Koch? proposed postulates: steps to follow to prove that a specific organism causes a specific disease.
Vibrio cholerae characteristics? Gram-negative bacterium rod shaped, curved one polar flagellum humans are only host
transmission of vibrio cholerae? Fecal - oral route To stomach Survives low pH To small intestines Stays there: Not invasive Adheres to epithelial cells
pathogenesis of vibrio cholerae? Secretes exotoxin - called enterotoxin or choleratoxin or ct or choleragen Incubation period - few hours to few days. Symptoms: vomiting severe diarrhea coma, convulsion, fever death from dehydration within 48 hours in untreated cases
Treatment of vibrio cholerae? Replace water and electrolytes Antibiotics
cholera toxin activity? 1. Normally, Na+ ions move from intestinal leumen to blood. 2. Colonization and toxin production: AB-toxin. 3. Activation of epithelial adenyl cyclase by cholera toxin A subunit.
cholera toxin activity? 4. Na+ ion movement blocked due to activation of Adenyl cyclase. Ionic Imbalance leads to movement of Cl- and HCO3- into leumen. 5. Massive water movement from blood into leumen to balance ions.
cholera toxin? A bacterial gene does not code for the cholera toxin. The gene that codes for the cholera toxin is a viral gene. The virus DNA is integrated into the DNA of the bacterial cell.
prevention of cholera? Treatment of water and sewage Waterborne disease. Eating properly cooked seafood Vaccine? Yes - Effective for about 6 months only
Created by: malif
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