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Test 1 Physiology
Enzyme Pathway/Eukaryotic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the enzyme pathway? (6) | phyenlalanine(amino acid)> tyrosine(AA or amino acid)>Levodopa>dopamine>norepinephrine>epinephrine(adrenaline) |
| Tyrosine | Malanin. Changes pigments, ie albino is enzyme deficiet. Enzyme tyrosinase combines with substrate tyrosine |
| Phyenylalanine | Builds up casing retardation. PKU test in babies. Disease called phenlketonuria(retardation). |
| Diet Soda Ingriedients | Aspartane>>> Phenylamine + aspartic acid |
| Tyrosine | Converts to Levodope(L-dopa) with right enzyme converts to dopamine |
| In Born Error in Metabolisim | Amino Acid Metabolisim-PKU increase=retardation Carbohydrate Metabolisim-Lacose intolerance-lactose not utilized. Africa low tol. Lipid Metabolisim-Tay-Sach's disease is lipid accumulation affects brain also hypercholestrolemia high Cholestrol |
| Eukoryotic Cell | Cell organelles . Cells for humans and animal |
| How many genes have DNA codes for | 40,000 |
| Flagella | Sperm locomotion |
| Cilia | hairlike projection ourside cell. ie. lungs with coughing up phlegm |
| Describe the order from the Nucleus of a cell or the making of a protein sequence starting with Copy from DNA | Nucelues, messenger RNA, Rough Endoplasmaic Reticulum with ribosomes, Smooth Enoplasmic Reticulum, /golgi Complex, secretory vesicle |
| What happens is lysomes rupture? | Cell death and aging. Antioxidants help prevent again |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate in midochondria. A-P-P-P phosphate breaks off to produce energy. 90% ATP made by mitochondria |
| How does it convert back to ATP | ATP>>>ADP enzyme ATPsyntestase will release a P to form ATP |
| Why do we need energy? | Mucles contraction and horomone activation |
| Mitochindria | Inner/Outter membrane. Crista>>>ATP Production. Number varies with energy. demand of cell. Can self replicate, has ribosomes, has unique DNA, maternal inheritance. Genetic disease such as lebers blindness and cariomyopathy |
| Cell Membrane | Bilipid cell layered membrane. Two layers of fat floating on top of each other. |
| Hydropholic | repels protein |
| hydrophobic | integral channel |
| 40% cell membranes are made of | Cholestrol |
| How do proteins get through cell membrane | Integral Channel. Uses H2O to go through due to oil not mixing, Ions pass and Na+, K+, Ca+, Cl, H2O. Peripheral receptor float on surface, Inherited, carb on protein do immune recogniton |
| Membrane Transport Mechanisims of Cells A)Passive? | No ATP is needed. ie. |
| Diffusion | Molecules moving from high to a lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. ie. spray airfreshner |
| 3 types of passive transport? | simples diffusion, osmosis, and faciliated diffusion |
| Diffusion Rate | Moving down or from high to low concentraion gradient. ie. oxygen diffusion>> pushes right down lungs, 2) membrane permeability 3)Surface area 4)temperature (hot faster) |
| Cell Membrane and lipid compounds with diffusion that diffuse fast | Alcohol, nicotine patch, solvents(arthritis D6), cocaine, steroids, anasthetics |
Created by:
cindy valdez
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