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AH-P&P Ch. 6
Health & Wellness
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the old ways people viewed health? | as the absence of disease |
| In the 1990's the US started focusing on? | health promotion and disease prevention |
| Research shows what about health? | has shown dramatic improvment in the nation's health |
| What are the two goals of healthy people 2010? | to increase quality and years of healthy life and to eliminate health disparities |
| What four areas does healthy people include? | promote healthy behaviors, promoting healthy and safe communities, imporving systems for personal and public health, and preventing and reducing diseases and disorders |
| What is health? | state of complete physical, mental, and socail well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity |
| Every person has a personal? | concept of health |
| Health varies between? | different age goups, genders, races, and cultures |
| Health has widened to include? | mental, social, and spiritual well being |
| What are life conditions? | environment, diet, lifestyle practices |
| A nurses attitude toward health and illness should consider? | The total person, as well as the environment in which the person lives |
| What is a model? | a theoretical way of understant a concept or idea |
| Models represnt? | different ways to approaching complex issues |
| What are health beliefs? | a person's ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness |
| What are positive health behaviors? | activities related to maintaining, attaining, or regaining good health and preventing illness |
| What are types of positive health behaviors? | shots, sleep, excercise, and nutrition |
| What are negative health behaviors? | drug, alcohol abuse, poor diet, and refusal to take meds |
| What is the health belief model? | it addresses the relationship between person's belief and behaviors |
| What does the health belief model help understand? | how clients will behave in relation to their health and how they will comply with health care therapies |
| What is the first component of health belief model? | the pt's perception of susceptibilty to an illness |
| What is the second component of health belief model? | individual's perception of the seriousness of the illness |
| What is the third component of health belief model? | results from the person's perception of the benefits of and barriers to taking aciton |
| Wht preventative actions might a pt do? | lifestyle change, increased adherence to medical therapies, or a search for medical advice or treatment |
| What is the health promotion model? | a complementary counterpart to models of health protection |
| Health promotion is directed at? | increasing a pt's level of well bing |
| What 3 areas does the health promotion model include? | individual characteristics and experiences, behavior specific knowledge and affect and behavioral outcomes |
| What are health promoting behaviors? | improved health, enhanced functional ability, better quality of life |
| What is the basic human needs model? | elements that are neccesary for humans survival and health |
| What is maslow's hierarchy of needs is what kind of model? | nurses use to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs |
| Self actualization is the highest expression? | of on'es individual potential and allows for continual discovery of self |
| Maslow's model takes into account? | individuals experiences, always unique to the individual |
| Physical safety takes? | priority |
| What doe sthe holistic health model do? | attemps to create conditions that promote optimal health |
| Clients are the ultimate experts on? | their own health and subjective experience |
| In the holistic health model clients are? | involved in their healing process |
| Nurses using the holistic nursing model recognizes the natural? | healing abilities of the body and incorporate complementary and alternative interventions |
| Internal and external variables influence? | how a person think and acts |
| What are internal variables? | developmental stage, intellectual backgroud, perception of functioning, and emotional factors |
| What does the study of development include? | finding patterns or general principles that apply to most people most of the time |
| How are a person's beliefs about health shaped? | by person's knowledge, lack of knowledge, or incorrect information about body functions and illnesses, educational background, and past experiences |
| What does perception of functioning include? | level of fatigue, shortness of breath, pain |
| The way a person handles stress will effect? | health beliefs and practices |
| What is one way a person expresses their spiritual factors? | religous practices |
| What are external variables that affect a persons health? | family practices, socioeconomic factors and clutural background |
| What are psychosocial variables? | stability of the person's marital or intimate relationship, lifestyle habits, and occupational environment |
| Desire for approval and support effects? | health beliefs and practices |
| economic factors may affect a pt's level? | of health by increasing the risk for disease and influencing how or at what point the pt the client enters the health care system |
| What is another economic factor? | money, food and shelter is more important than meds |
| What does cultural background influence? | beleifs, values and customs, belief about cause of illness, as well as ways to restore health |
| What are health promotion activities? | routine excercise and good nutrition |
| What does wellness education do? | teaches people how to care for themselves in a healthy way and includes topics such as physical awareness, stress management, and self responsibility |
| What are illness prevention activities? | immunization programs |
| What are the leading health indicators? | physical activity, overweight, tobacco, substance abuse, reponsible sexual behavior, mental health, injury and violence, envirnmental quality, immuniztation, and access to health care |
| health can be influenced by? | individual practices, stressors |
| Total health programs are directed at ? | individuals' changing their lifestyle by developing habits that improve their level of health |
| Other programs are aimed at? | specific health care problems |
| What are passive stratagies of health promotion? | individuals gain from the activities of others without acting themselves |
| What are active stratagies of health promotion? | where they are motivated to adopt specific health programs |
| What is health promotion? | science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health |
| What is primary prevention? | true prevention, it precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to client considered physically and emotionally healthy |
| What does primary prevention include? | education programs, immunizations, and physical and nutritional fitness activities |
| What does primary prevention include ? | all promotion efforts, as well as wellness education activites that focus on maintaining or proving the general health of individuals, families, and communities. |
| What does secondary prevention focus on? | individuals who are experienceing health problems or illnesses and who are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions |
| What are secondary preventions activites directed to? | diagnosis and prompt intervention, thereby reducing severity and enabling the client to return to a normal level of health as early as possible |
| What does secondary prevention include? | screening techniques and treating early stages of disease to limit disability by averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease |
| When does tertiary prevention occur? | when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversable |
| What does tertiary prevention involve? | minimizing the effects of long term disease or disability by interventions directed at preventing complication and deterioration |
| Tertiary prevention aims to? | help clients to acheive as high level of functioning as possible |
| What is tertiary prevention also called? | preventive care |
| What is a risk factor? | any situation, habit, social, or environmental condition, physiological or psychological condition, developmental or intellectual condition, or spiritual or other variable that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group 2 an illness or accident |
| Risk factors increase? | the chances that the individual will experience a particular disease or dysfunction |
| risk factors= | health hazards |
| What are the catagories of risk factors? | genetic and physiological factors, age, environment, and lifestyle |
| What do physiological risk factos involve? | physical functioning of the body |
| What is heredity? | genetic prodisposition to specific illness |
| Age increases or decreases? | susceptibility to certain illness |
| Where we live and the condition of that area determine? | how we live, what we eat, the disease agents to which we are exposed, our state of health, and out ability to adapt |
| Many activities, habits, and practices involve? | risk factors |
| Stress is a lifestyle? | risk factor |
| Stress also interfers with? | health promotion activities and the ability to implement needed lifestyle modification |
| the goal of risk factor identification is to? | assist clients in visualizing those areas in their life that can be modified or even eliminated |
| What is the first setop in health promotion? | identifying risk factors |
| Attempts to change may be aimed at? | cessation of a health damaging behavior or adoption of a healthy behavior |
| Change involves movement through? | a series of stages |
| What are the stages of the transtheorectical model? | precontimplation, contemplation, action, and maintenance |
| What is precontemplation? | no intention to change |
| What is contemplation? | considering a change later |
| What is preparation? | making small changes |
| What is maintenance? | maintaining a changed behavior |
| change programs are designed for? | those who are ready to take action regaurding their health problems |
| Maintenance of healthy lifestyle can? | prevent hospitalizations and lower cost of health care |
| What is illness? | state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spritiual functioning is diminished comparted to previously |
| What are the 2 types of illness? | acute and chronic |
| What is an acute illnes? | short duration but severe |
| What is a chronic illness? | it is usually longer than 6 months, and can also affect functioning in any dimension |
| What is illness behavior? | how people monitor their bodies, define and interpret their symptoms, take remedial actions, and use the health care system |
| illness is also affected by? | internal and external variables |
| Internal variables influencing the way clients behave when they are ill? | perceptions of symptoms and the nature of the illness, a clien'ts coping skills |
| If a pt thinks their illness is disruptive they will? | get care |
| The nature of the illness also affects? | a client's illness behavior |
| What are external variables influencing illness behavior? | visibility of symptoms, social group, cultual backgroud, economic variables, accessibility of the health care system, and social support |
| Short term illnesses has only a few? | changes in the functioning of the client and family |
| When there is a change in body image what stages does the client go through? | shock, withdrawl, acknowledgement, acceptance, and rehabilitation |
| Withdrawl is? | an adaptive copingmechanism that assists the client in making an adjustment |
| What is self concept? | a mental self image of strengths ad weakness in all aspects of personality |
| With illness what is common with roles? | role reversal |
| What is family dynamics? | the process by which the family functions, make decisions, gives support to individual members, and copes with everyday changes and challanges |
Created by:
alicia.rennaker
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