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Stack #54654
WGU Science test terms
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Mercury | small, rocky craters, 2nd smallest planet, dense iron core, no moon |
| Venus | hottest, iron core, almost same size and mass of earth |
| Earth | only planet that supports life, densest planet |
| Mars | closest to Earth, dry, rocky , dusty RED PLANET, iron core |
| Jupiter | mainly gas, largest planet, 5th planet from sun |
| Saturn | 2nd largest planet, made of hydrogen and helium,9.4 X diameter of Earth, rings of rock and ice |
| Uranus | 3rd largest planet, lays on side, mostly methane gas, frozen w/ molten core |
| Neptune | 4th largest planet, Gasseus, giant, frigid blue |
| Pluto | oval shaped orbit, smallest planet, 2/3 diameter of Earth's moon, may be just an astroid |
| comet | a celestial body, head of ice gas and dust, tail of dust and ionized gas |
| asteroid | made of rock and iron, orbit sun, |
| meteor | small part of broken asteroid |
| sun | largest star, source of all Earth's energy, ball of plasma |
| moon | natural satellite of Earth: gravitational forces cause tides |
| meteorites | remnants of meteors that fall to earth |
| gravity | force of attraction or pull between objects |
| inertia | tendency of a moving object to keep moving |
| Newton's 1st law | without force a body at rest stays at rest, a moving body continues moving without force to stop it. |
| Newton's 2nd law | acceleration=force/mass |
| Newton's 3rd law | force of a downward object equals force of upward object, force comes in pairs |
| conduction | ex. place a hot object with cold object and both become warm |
| convection | internal energy moves from place to place |
| radiation | tranfer of energy from one place to another as light |
| wave length | distance from one crest to the next |
| refraction | bending of light as it passes from more dense to less dense mediums |
| reflection | waves bouncing off a suface |
| diffraction | bending of waves around an object |
| sound characteristics | speed, frequency, wavelength, amplitude |
| wave phenomena | reflection, refraction, diffraction, displacement |
| interference | when waves travel through same medium at the same time |
| light | made of photons |
| fission | nucleus of high mass is split, used for commercial energy |
| fusion | merging of different elements, not used as power source yet |
| fission | heavy nucleus breaks up to form light nuclei |
| fission | reactions can be spontaneous |
| fission | chain reaction can sustain the reaction, once started |
| fusion | no chain reaction is present |
| fusion | reaction can never be spontanious |
| fusion | two light nuclei combine to form a heavy nuclei |
| matter | anything that has MASS and VOLUME |
| mass | amount of matter in an object |
| volume | amount of space an object takes up |
| weight | measure of the force of gravity between two objects |
| length | measure of distance from point A to point B |
| temperature | measure of average kinetic energy of particles |
| density | mass per unit of volume |
| energy | to do work, move matter |
| light | wavelengths are sensed as colors |
| sound | does not travel in vacuum |
| light | part of electromagnetic spectrum of waves |
| inclined plane | slanted surface, ramp to move objects across distances |
| lever | arm that pivots against a fulcrum |
| pulley | reverses direction of force with a cord wrapped around a wheel |
| oxidation | loss of an electron by a molecule, atom or ion |
| reduction | gain of an electron by a molecule, atom or ion |
| chemical bonding | atoms being held together in molecules or crystals |
| catalyst | substance that accelerates chemical reaction without being tranformed |
| reducing agent | loses electrons and is oxidized |
| oxidizing agent | gains electrons and is reduced |
| static electricity | imbalance of positive and negative charges |
| electric current | movement of electrons that flow |
| series circuit | electrons follow a single path from source to destination |
| parallel circuit | more than one path is provided for electrons to flow |
| kinetic energy | form of energy associated with motion |
| potential energy | stored energy |
| electrical energy | energy of moving electrons |
| thermal energy | energy of heat |
| radiant energy | energy of electromagnetic waves and light |
| nuclear energy | stored energy of chemical nuclei |
| cause electricity | movement of electrons escaping from atom |
| cause magnetism | spinning of electrons while still part of atom |
| velocity | speed and direction of an object |
| speed | rate or measure of motion |
| displacement | how far an object has moved |
| distance | how far an object has traveled |
| acceleration | rate at which speed or direction is changing |
| Periodic tables purpose | predict possibilities of new elements |
| Periodic tables purpose | classify elements into groups w/ similar properties |
| covalent bonding | two or more atoms share electrons to achieve chemical stability |
| ionic bonding | atom w/ tendency to lose electrons + atom w/ tendency to gain electrons=chemical stability |
| molecule | tightly bonded groups of atoms |
| compound | molecule that contains at least two different elements |
| single atom | smallest part of an element |
| protons | positive charge |
| nuetrons | no charge |
| electrons | negative charge |
| solution | mixture where one substance dissolves in another |
| protons and nuetrons | stay in nucleus |
| atoms | matter is composed of these |
| nucleus | center of an atom |
| orbitals | where electrons are found |
| gases | spread to fill container, can be compressed |
| liquids | not easily compressed,take shape of container |
| solids | keep shape, cannot be compressed |
| minerals | solid material of earth's crust w/ a definite composition |
| metamorphic rock | formed from heat and pressure inside the earth |
| igneous rock | formed from magma |
| sedimentary rock | materials cement together by chemicals or pressure |
| sea | large expanse of saline water connected to an ocean |
| weather | daily conditions in atmosphere |
| climate | atmospheric conditions of a region over time |
| results of plate tectonics | form igneous rock, volcanoes, faults, islands form, mountains form |
| strait | narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water |
| swamp | freshwater wetland |
| tributary | stream or river that flows into a larger river |
| mesa | land formation w/ flat top and steep walls |
| ocean | large body of salt water surrounding a continent |
| peninsula | body of land surrounded by water on three sides |
| river | large flowing body of water connected to a sea or ocean |
| plateau | large flat area of land that is higher than surrounding land |
| plain | flat lands w/ small changes in elevation |
| sea | large body of salt water connected to an ocean |
| sound | wide inlet of sea or ocean that is parallel to coastline |
| equator | imaginary line halfway between N and S poles |
| estuary | where a river meets a sea or ocean |
| glacier | slowly moving river of ice |
| gulf | part of ocean partly surrounded by land |
| isthmus | narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses |
| archipelago | group of islands clustered together |
| bay | body of water partly enclosed by land, smaller than a gulf |
| butte | flat topped rock or hill w/ steep sides |
| canyon | deep valley w/ very steep sides |
| cape | pointed piece of land that sticks out into a large body of water |
| cove | horseshoe shaped body of water along a coastline |
| Continents (seven) | Africa, Antarctica,Asia,Australia, Europe, North America, South America |
| channel | body of water that connects two larger bodies of water |
| dune | hill or ridge made of sand |
| Benthic realm | organisms that live on the sea floor |
| Pelagic realm | organisms that live in the water(diatoms) |
| oxytocin | hormone that stimulates uterine contractions |
| lactation | milk production in females |
| semen | made up of sperm and secretions |
| female gonads | ovaries |
| male gonads | testes |
| testes | produce sperm and testoserone |
| ovaries | produce eggs and estrogen |
| meiosis | process that produces sperm |
| gonads | sex organs that produce gametes |
| food chain example | grass-grasshopper-mouse-snake-hawk |
| ultimate source of energy | sun |
| inorganic nutrients | are recycled, energy is not |
| ultimate fate of energy | lost as heat in ecosystem |
| Darwinian view | predicts that evolutionary transitions should leave signs in fossil record |
| Oldest known fossils are of Prokaryotes | evidence that supports Darwin |
| new breed of dog | genetic |
| person's physical activity level | environmental |
| color of a chameleon | environmental |
| speed of race horses | genetic |
| long necks of giraffes | genetic |
| altitude where you live | environmental |
| traits | physical characteristics in living things |
| Genetics | study of heredity |
| heredity | tranference of traits from parent to offspring |
| inheritence | process by which offspring become predisposed to traits of parent |
| how the body fights disease | tonsils, lymph system,thymus, spleen, appendix, bone marrow |
| bacteria | can adapt to surroundings |
| bacteria | many are beneficial |
| viruses | only reproduce inside living cell |
| viruses | are dormant w/ out a host |
| bacteria | have ribosomes |
| bacteria | can reproduce independently |
| viruses | have a protein coat and core of genetic material |
| bacteria | can be killed w/ antibiotics |
| viruses | antibiotics will not kill them |
| viruses | intracellular parasite |
| photosynthesis | process of harnessing energy of sunlight to produce food for plants |
| taxonomy | classification of things |
| basic needs of life | food, water, air , space , shelter |
| hierarchy of biological organization | organism-organ-tissue-cell-organelle-molecule |
| tissues | cells work together |
| organs | tissues work together |
| systems | organs work together |
| cells | organelles work together |
| define the question | 1. scientific method |
| gather information | 2. scientific method |
| form hypothesis | 3. scientific method |
| perform experiment/ collect data | 4. scientific method |
| analyze data | 5. scientific method |
| interpret data/ draw conclusions | 6. scientific method |
| publish results | 7. scientific method |
| purpose of scientific method | to propose explanations for natural phenomena |
| hypothesis | guess regarding outcome of the change to the system being studied |
| Aristotle | earth, air , fire ,water |
| 13th century | Aquinas and Magnus |
| Roger Bacon | urged people to "look at the world" |
| 16th century Francis Bacon | advocated experimentalism |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | said earth is round and revolves around the sun |
| 17th century | Newton, Galileo, Archbishop James Usher |
| dependent variable | what you are measuring |
| independent variable | what you are in control of |
| Linnaean classification system | Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family , genus, species |
| rhyme to remember Linnaean classification of Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species | King Phillip Came Over From Germany Swimming |
| Charles Darwin | was a naturalist on the HMS Beagle |
| population | all members of one species in a given area |
| community | interaction of different species in a given area |
| ecosystem | community plus temperature, humidity, light etc. |
| biosphere | the sum of the planet's communities and ecosystems |
| Barents sea | warm, salty Atlantic water from North Atlantic drift |
| Barents sea | cold arctic water from the north |
| Barents sea | warm coastal water from Altantic and Polar waters |
| Caribbean sea | tropical,adjacent to Atlantic ocean, southeast of Gulf of Mexico |
| Grand Banks | group of under water plateaus on the North American continental shelf |
| S. China sea | marginal, part of the Pacific,from Singapore to Strait of Taiwan |
Created by:
tifferdu
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