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DNA&RNA Biology
Comes from chapter 12 of "Prentice Hall Biology"...Very helpful to Teens
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Transformation | When Heat-Killed Bacteria passes it's Disease-causing ability to Harmless Bacteria |
| What did Avery and Other scientists Discover? | That DNA is the Nucleic Acid that stores and transmits the genetic info. from on generation to the next |
| Bacteriophage | One kind of Virus that infects and kills bacteria |
| What did Hershey and Chase conclude? | That the Genetic Material of the Bacteriophage was DNA not Protein |
| Nucleotides | Units that make up a DNA Molecule |
| Double Helix | A Model of DNA, made by watson and crick, in which two strands were wound around each other |
| Base Pairing | [A]=[T] and [G]=[C] |
| Chromatin | DNA and protein tightly packed together. Found in Eukaryotic Chromosomes |
| Histones | Proteins that DNA is coiled around |
| Replication | Before a cell divides, it duplicates it's DNA |
| What happens during DNA replication? | The DNA molecule separates into 2 strands, then prodces two new complementary strands following the rules of Base Pairing |
| DNA Polymerase | Principal enzyme involved in DNA replication |
| 3 types of RNA | Messenger RNA, Ribosomal RNA, and Transfer RNA |
| Messenger RNA | The RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions |
| Ribosomal RNA | RNA found in Ribosomes |
| Transfer RNA | Type of RNA that transfers each Amino acid to the ribosome |
| Transcription | RNA molecules are produced by copying part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequance of RNA |
| What happens during transcription? | RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands |
| Promoters | The only region that the Enzyme will bind to. |
| Introns | Inverting Sequences |
| Exons | Expressed Sequences |
| Codon | Consists of 3 conscutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid that is to be added to the polypeptide |
| Translation | The Decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain |
| What happens during Translation? | The Cell uses information from mRNA to Produce proteins |
| anticodon | The 3 bases of the tRNA molecule |
| Mutations | Changes in the DNA sequence that affect Genetic information |
| Gene Mutations | Result from changes in a single Gene |
| Chromosomal Mutations | involve changes in the whole chromosome |
| Point mutations | Mutations that affect one Nucleotide |
| Frameshift Mutations | Mutations that affect every Amino acid that follows the point of Insertion or deletion |
| what are two types of point Mutation | Insertion and Deletion |
| Operon | A group of genes that operate together |
| How are lac genes turned On? | by the Presence of Lactose |
| How are lac genes turned off? | by Repressors |
| Promoter | RNA polymerase binds and then begins transcription |
| Operator | The other region of the operon |
| Eukaryotic Gene Regulatrion | Most eukaryotic Genes are controlled individually and have regulatory sequences that are much more complex that those of the lac operon |
| Hox Genes | A Series of Genes that control that control the organ and tissues that develop in various parts of the Embryo |
Created by:
HeirOfSlytherin13
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