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DIT 2009 WK 10
Q&A from DIT emailed questions WK 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Clinical use for Tamoxifen? | Breast cancer and preventing osteoporosis |
| What is the main concern when using Tamoxifen? | May inc risk of endometrial carcinoma due to partial agonist effects on endometrium |
| What other agent may be a better choice than Tamoxifen? | Raloxifene b/c it is an endometrial antagonist |
| Both LMN & UMN lesions will present with? | Weakness |
| Signs of a LMN lesion? | Atrophy, fasciculation (twitching), decreased reflexes, decreased tone |
| Signs of an UMN lesion? | Babinski +, spastic paralysis, increased reflexes, increased tone |
| What is hexokinase? | ubiquitous with high affinity (low Km), low capacity (low Vmax), uninduced by insulin |
| What is glucokiinase? | Liver and B cells with low affinity (high Km), high capacity (high Vmax), induced be inlusin |
| Possible causes of SIADH? | Ectopic ADH, CNS disorders/head trauma, pulmonary disease, drugs (cyclophosphamide) |
| Cancer most commonly associated w/ SIADH? | Small cell lung cancer |
| Female homologue to the male corpus spongiosum? | Vestibular bulbs |
| Female homologue to the male Cowper/bulbourethral glands | Greater/Bartholin vestibular glands |
| Female homologue to the male prostate gland | Urethral and paraurethral glands (of Skene) |
| Female homologue to the male glans penis | Glans clitoris |
| Female homologue to the male ventral penile shaft | Labia minora |
| Female homologue to the male scrotum | Labia majora |
| Two antiviral agents that can be used to treat CMV infection? | Gancyclovir and Foscarnet |
| What drugs regulate the secretion of gastric acid? | Atropine, Cimetidine, Octreotide, Omeprazole |
| What hormones regulate the secretion of gastric acid? | ACh, Gastrin, Histamine, Prostaglandins, misoprostol, somastatin |
| What is the Cushing reaction? | Inc intracranial pressure constricts arterioles leading to cerebral ischemia and thus hypertension (sympathetic response) and reflex bradycardia |
| What is Cushings triad? | Hypertension, bradycardia, respiratory depression |
| Goal of antianginal therapy? | Reduction of myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) by decreasing 1 or more of the derterminants of MVO2 |
| Cause of Horner’s syndrome? | Sympathectomy of face, assc w/ lesion of spinal cord above T1 – Pancoast’s tumor, Brown-Sequard syndrome (cord hemisection), late stage syringomyelia |
| symptoms are seen in Horner’s syndrome? | Ptosis (superior tarsal muscle damaged – sympathetic), Anhidrosis and flushing of affected side of the face, and Miosis |
| MC vitamin deficiency in the US? | Folic Acid (B9) |
| Vit B9 def will manifest as... | Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia w/o neurological symptoms |
| Pt population most prone to transposition of the great vessels? | Offspring of diabetic mothers |
| Substance that should be given to a newborn w/ transposition of the great vessels? | PGE (Prostaglandins) |
| Which part of the brain is responsible for attention/alertness? | Reticular activating system (midbrain) |
| Lesion in this part of the brain results in coma | Reticular activating system (midbrain) |
| Anatomic structures found in the retrperitoneum? | Duodenum (2nd & 3rd), descending colon, ascending colon, kidney and ureters, pancreas (except tail), aorta, IVC, adrenal glands, and rectum |
| From which arteries do the umbilical arteries arise? | Internal iliac arteries |
| Classic presentation of a pt with Takayasu’s arteritis? | “Pulseless disease” – Fever, Arthritis, Night sweats, Myalgia, Skin nodules, Ocular disturbances, Weak pulses in upper extremities, Constriction of Ao |
| Give the exceptions to informed consent | Pt lacks decision-making capacity or is legally incompetent, implied consent in an emergency, therapeutic privilege, Waiver |
| Portion of the renal tubule that is impermeable to sodium, passively reabso | Thin descending loop of Henle |
| Portion of the renal tubule where Ca reabsorption takes place and is influenced by the PTH? | Distal convoluted tubule |
| Portion of the renal tubule responsible for reabsorbing the majority of glucose and amino acids | Early proximal tubule |
| Portion of the renal tubule responsible for Na reabsorption regulated by aldosterone | Distal convoluted tubule |
| Portion of the renal tubule that is impermeable to water, actively reabsorbs Na, K, and Cl | Thick ascending limb |
| Portion of the renal tubule that reabsorbs the majority of bicarbonate, sodium, and water | Early Proximal Tubule |
| Portion of the renal tubule that has water reabsorption regulated by ADH | Distal Convoluted Tubule (Principal cell) |
| Describe the 1st stage of sleep | 1(5%): Light sleep bruxism |
| Describe the 2nd stage of sleep | 2(45%): Deeper sleep |
| Describe the 3rd and 4th stages of sleep | 3-4(25%): Deepest, non-REM sleep; sleep walking; night terrors; bedwettin |
| Describe REM sleep | REM (25%): Dreaming, loss of motor tone, possibly a memory processing function, erections, inc brain O2 use |
| Ototoxic and nephrotoxic antibiotics | Vancomycin and Aminoglycosides |
Created by:
snezya24
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