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Ch. 4 Cell Rep.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mitosis | the process in which the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei |
| why do cells divide? | so organisms can grow, replace worn-out or damaged cells, or produce whole new organisms |
| chromosome | structure in the nucleus that contains DNA |
| interphase | the nucleus can be seen. Chromosomes are duplicating themselves. This is the resting phase of the cell. |
| prophase | chromosomes become visible |
| mitosis | the process in which the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei |
| why do cells divide? | so organisms can grow, replace worn-out or damaged cells, or produce whole new organisms |
| chromosome | structure in the nucleus that contains DNA |
| interphase | the nucleus can be seen. Chromosomes are duplicating themselves. This is the resting phase of the cell. |
| prophase | chromosomes become visible, nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear,centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell, spindle fibers stretch across cell |
| metaphase | pairs of chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell, each centromere attaches to a spindle fiber |
| anaphase | centromeres divide and chromosomes separate to move away from each other toward opposite ends of the cell |
| telophase | final step of mitosis, centioles and spindle fibers disappear, chromosomes become difficult to see, nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes and a new nucleolus appears in each new nucleus |
| cytokinesis | after mitosis, the cytoplasm divides and two complete cells are formed. |
| asexual reproduction | new organisms are produced from one parent, DNA is identical to the DNA of the parent |
| types of asexual reproduction | budding, regeneration, fission |
| sexual reproduction | a new organism is produced when sex cells from two parents combine |
| sperm | the sex cell from the male parent |
| egg | the sex cell from the female parent |
| the human body cell has how many PAIRS of chromosomes? | 23 |
| The human sex cell has how many individual chromosomes? | 23 |
| meiosis | the process of nuclear division that produces sex cells |
| diploid | a cell that has two of every kind of chromosome |
| haploid | a sex cell with just one chromosome from each pair |
| a human sex cell is what type of cell? | haploid |
| fertilization | the joining of an egg and a sperm |
| zygote | the cell that forms in fertilization |
| Meiosis has 2 divisions of the nucleus, what are they called? | meiosis I and meiosis II |
| What is the correct order of the stages of meiosis? | prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II |
| DNA | the master copy of an organism's information code. It stands for deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DNA can be found in what structure of the cell? | the chromosomes (inside the nucleus) |
| DNA is made up of what things? | sugar-phosphate molecules, nitrogen bases |
| mutation | any permanent change ina gene or chromosome of a cell |
| insulin | a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps body cells use glucose from the blood for energy |
| islets of Langerhans | the cells that secrete insulin |
Created by:
sarahschmidt
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