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AH-P&P 42
Sleep
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Proper rest and sleep are important to? | Health |
| Individuals need different __________ of sleep and rest? | amounts |
| What is compromised when you don't get enough sleep? | ability to concentrat, make judgements, and participate in daily activities decreases and irritability increases |
| To help pt's you need to know what about pt's sleep? | understand the nature of sleep, the factors influencing it, and pt's sleep habits |
| Sleep provides? | healing and restoration |
| What can make sleep difficult? | hospital, care facility, and health care persons |
| What is sleep? | a cyclical physiological process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness |
| What does the sleep wake cycle influence and regulate? | physiological function and beharvioral responses |
| What is the circadian rhythm? | 24 hour, day-night cycle |
| What does circadian rhythms influence? | the pattern of major biological and behavioral functions |
| What depend on the maintenance of the 24 hour circadian rhythm? | body temp, heart rate, blood pressure, hormone secretion, sensory acuity, and mood |
| Every person has a _______ _______ that synchronize their sleep wake cycle? | biological clock |
| Different people function best at? | different times of day |
| A person has poor sleep when what is disturbed? | sleep wake cycle |
| What does an EEG measure? | electrical activity in the cerebral cortex |
| What does an EMG measure? | muscle tone |
| What does an EOG measure? | eye movement |
| Sleep is an? | active multiphase process |
| What is the major sleep center in the body? | hypothalamus |
| What does the hypothalamus secrete? | hypocreatins that promote wakefulness, and rapid eye movement sleep |
| What other secretions control sleep? | prostaglandin, tryptophan, and growth factors |
| What does arousal, wakefulness, and maintenance of consiousness result from? | Neurons in the RAS that release cetecholamines such as norepinephrine |
| Sterotonin? | produces sleep |
| Wether a person remains awake or falls asleep depends on a balance of impulses from where? | higher centers, Peripheral sensory recoptos, and the limbic system |
| When you go to fall asleep RAS declines and? | BSR takes over |
| What are the 2 phases of sleep? | NREM, and REM |
| How many stages are in NREM sleep? | 4 stages |
| How long is NREM sleep? | 90 min |
| What is the characteristics of phase 1 and 2 of NREM sleep? | light sleep |
| What is the characteristics of phase 3 and 4 of NREM sleep? | deeper sleep (slow wave sleep) |
| When is REM? | at the end of NREM sleep |
| Where does sleep pattern begin? | presleep, 10-30 min. |
| How many cycles does one go through per night? | 4-5 cycles |
| How long is each sleep cycles? | 100 min |
| How long is spent in NREM sleep %? | 75-80 |
| With each successive cycle what phase shortens? | 3 and 4, and REM is longer |
| What does NREM sleep do? | restore body tissue |
| During NREM sleep what slows? | biological functions |
| During NREM stage 4 what is released? | human growth hormone for the repair and renewal of epithelial and specialized cells such as brain cells |
| the body conserves _______ during sleep? | energy |
| What does REM sleep do? | it is important for brain tissue resoration and appears to be important for cognitive resotration |
| What happens during REM sleep? | changes in cerebral blood flow, increased cortical activity, increased oxygen consumption, and epinephrine release |
| During sleep the brain filters stored _________ about the days activities? | information |
| Dreams occur when? | REM and NREM |
| How are dreams in REM sleep? | more vivid and elaborate dreams |
| Some believe dreams during REM sleep are? | important to learning, memory processing, and adaptation to stress |
| People who remember dreams vividly were usually awoke when? | in REM sleep |
| Hypothyroidism decrease? | stage 4 sleep |
| Hyperthyroidism causes? | someone to take more time to go to sleep |
| What is nocturia? | peeing at night |
| Who usually has nocturia? | elederly, cardiac disease, diabetes, urethritis, or prostatic disease |
| Older adults can get? | RLS |
| RLS is a ? | CNS disorder |
| RLS is associated with? | low levels of iron, pregnancy, and uremia |
| Persons with ____ _____ _____ often wake in the middle of the night? | peptic ulcer disease |
| What are sleep disorders? | conditions that if are untreated distrub nighttime sleep that results in one of three problems? |
| What are the 3 problems of sleep disorders? | insomnia, abnormal movements or sensations during sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness |
| What are insomnias? | primary disorders related to difficulty falling asleep |
| What are circadian rythym sleep disordersr caused by? | misalignment between the timing of sleep and what the individual desires |
| What are parasomnias? | undesirable behaviors that occur during sleep |
| What do ppl experience in sleep related movement disorders? | person has simple stereotyped movements that disturb sleep |
| What does a polysomnogram use? | EEG, EMG, and EOG to monitor stages of sleep and wakefulness during night time sleep |
| What does the MLST provide? | objective info about sleepiness and selected aspects of sleep structure by measuring eye movements, muscle tone changes, and brain electrical activity during at least four nappings throughout the day |
| How long does the MLST take? | 8-10 hrs |
| What is insomnia? | a symptom clients experience when they have chronic difficulty fally asleep, frequent awakening from sleep, and a short sleep or nonrestorative sleep |
| What is the most common sleep complain? | insomnia |
| What does an insomnia complain of? | excessive daytime sleepiness, no sleep |
| What is the most common sleep problem for women? | insomnia |
| People experience transient insomnia as a result of? | stresses from work, family, school |
| Insomnia is usually associated with? | poor sleep hygeine |
| Behavioral and cognitive thereapies have? | few adverse affects |
| What is sleep apnea? | disorder that has a lack of airflow through the nose and mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer during sleep |
| What are the 3 types of sleep apnea? | central, obstructive, and mixed apnea |
| What is the most common form of sleep apnea? | obstructive |
| What increases the risk of obstructive sleep apnea? | obesity, smoking, alcohol, and a family history of OSA |
| Why does OSA occur? | when muscles of the oral cavity or throat relax during sleep |
| Diminishing airflow? | hypopnea |
| What is the most commom complaint of OSA? | daytime sleepiness and fatigue |
| OSA causes a serious decline in? | arterial oxygen saturation level |
| Clients with OSA are at risk for? | cardiac dysrhythmisa, R heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, angina, stroke, and hypertension |
| Centel sleep apnea involves? | dysfunction in the brain's respiratory control center |
| What happens in CSA? | the impulse to breathe temporarily fails, and nasal airflow and chest wall movement cease |
| CSA is common in ppl with? | brain stem injury, muscular dystrophy, and encephalitis and people who breath normally during the day |
| Clients with sleep apnea rarely get? | deep sleep |
| What is narcolepsy? | a dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate the sleep and wake states |
| What is the most common complaint with narcolepsy? | EDS |
| With narcolepsy REM sleep starts within? | 15 min |
| What is cataplexy? | sudden muscle weakness during intense emotions such as anger, sadness, or laughter, occurs at any time during the day |
| If a cataplectic attack is severe what happens? | a person loses voluntary muscle control and fallys to the floor |
| What is sleep paralysis? | the feeling of being unable to move or talk just before waking or falling asleep |
| How are narcoleptics treated? | with stiulants that often only partially increase wakefulness and reduce sleep attacks |
| What is sleep deprivation? | A problem many clinets experience as a result of the dyssomnia |
| What causes sleep deprivation? | illness, emotional stress, meds, disturbances, and variability in the timimg of sleep due to work |
| What is the treatment for sleep deprivation? | getting rid of the factors that disrupt sleep pattern |
| what are parasomnias? | sleep problems that are more common in child than in adults |
| What do parasomnias include? | sleepwalking, night tr=errors, nightmares, bed wetting, body rocking and tooth grinding |
| How are ppl when they are at rest? | relaxed, free from anxiety, and physically calm |
| How much sleep does a neonate get? | 16 hrs, 50% is REM |
| How much sleep does infants get? | several naps, but 8-10 during the night, 15 total, 30% is REM |
| How much sleep do toddlers get? | 12 hrs a day, no daytime naps, decrease REM sleep |
| How much sleep do preschoolers get? | 12 hours a nigh, partial wakening, 20% REM |
| How much sleep do school aged children get? | 11-12 (6), 9-10 (11) |
| How much sleep do adolescents get? | 7 1/2 hrs, school, job |
| How much sleep do young adults get? | 6-8 1/2 hrs, 20% REM, jobs, family |
| How much sleep do middle adults get? | Stage 4 sleep falls, insomnia |
| How much sleep do older adults get? | REM is shortened, decrease in 3 & 4 NREM (or no stage 4), naps |
| What kind of factors alter sleep? | physiological, psychological, and environmental factors |
| Meds for sleep cause? | more prob. than benefits |
| A substance that promotes sleep? | L tryptophan (Milk, cheese, meat) |
| What does noise cause? | hearing loss, delayed healing, impaired immune function, and increases bp, heart rate, and stress |
| sleep is? | a subjective experience |
| What does a nurse assess for sleep? | the client's usual bedtime, normal betime ritual, the preferred environment for sleeping, and rise time |
| Who is the best resource for a sleep assessment? | pt |
| What is one of the most effective methods for assessing sleep? | visual analog scale |
| What is a brief way to assess sleep? | scale 1-10 |
| When getting a sleep assessment have the pt and partener do what? | sleep wake journal 1-4 weeks |
| Why physical and psychological illnesses affect sleep? | bipolar, painful disorders, assess meds |
| The pt's emotions and menal status effect? | ability to sleep |
| T or F: ask clients what they do to get ready to sleep? | T |
| pts should describe preferred _______ conditions. | bedroom |
| assessment identifies what about a sleep disturbance? | related factor or probable cause |
| When developing goals and outcomes the pt and nurse shoud? | collaborate |
| Who is often helpful in sleeping plans for a pt? | family |
| make sure goals are? | realistic |
| what affects therapies affectiveness? | pt age |
| What herb is affective for insomnia? | valerian |
| What herb is affective for sleep prob related to anxiety? | kava |
| What other herbs promote sleep? | chamomile, passionflower, lemon balm, and lavender |
| What are hypnotics? | meds that induce sleep |
| What are sedatives? | meds that produce a calming or soothing effect |
Created by:
alicia.rennaker
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