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Oceanographic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is oceanography? | the study of oceans |
| Provide three reasons why we study the ocean? | -life began in the ocean -Wealth(food,medicine,and raw material) -clues to the past/present/future |
| What other subject are included in oceanograqphy? | Ecology,geography,biology,and physics |
| How did the Renaissance jumpstart oceanographic research? | -Rekindled discoeries -More accurate mapmaking -Aristole was the first to dicover gills |
| How did the Wilkes expedition contribute to Oceanography? | -2,000 new species -10,00 new specimens -first goverment funded trip |
| How did the Challenger expedition contribute to Oceanography? | -first research vessel |
| Why were land-based marine labs an important development in the realm of oceanography? | -live examinations -long term research |
| What are two technological advancements that have contributed to Oceanographic research? | -Scuba -SONAR -RADAR -ROV's -AUV's |
| What percentage of the planet is covered in water? | 71% |
| What are the four oceans on Earth? | Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, and Indian |
| What type of rock composes continental plates? Oceanic plates? | Continental- Granite (less dense) Oceanic- Basalt (more dense) |
| Identify two pieces of evidence used to support the theory of continental drift? | -Fossils match -edges fit like puzzle piece -seismic activity |
| What is a mid-ocean ridge? Name one. | A continuos chain of volcanic submarine mountains that extend down the Earth. Ex: East-Pacific Rise |
| What happens at a continental-oceanic convergence zone? Name one. | When continental plate and oceanic plate converge and oceanic plate subducts. Ex: Andreas Mountains |
| What happens at an oceanic-oceanic convergencezone? Nmae one. | either one subducts Ex: The Aleutions |
| What are the components of a continetal margin? | The edge of a continent; zone between a continent and deep sea floor |
| What are differences between an active an passive Margin? | Active-steep slope, narrow shelf, little continental rise,geologically active, located on plate boundaries Passive- Gradual slope, wide shelf, well-developed rise, isnt located on plate boundaries |
| What is a Hotspot? | Area where mantle plume reaches the Earths surface |
| What is a Seamount? | underwater mountain |
| What is a Polarity? | Water is polar, has charges on both ends |
| What is the Coriolis Effect? | -Earthis round and spinning -to right in North -to left in South -defects large scale motion |
| What is the source of winds? | caused by uneven heating of the Earth anf Coriolis Effect |
| What are the 6 major belts on Earth? | 2 Easterlies, 2 Westerlies, 2 Trade Winds |
| What is and Upwelling? | Verticle movement of cold, deep, nutrient rich waterto the surface |
| What is a Downwelling? | Movement of surface to to the deepest parts of the oceans |
| What is a Gyre? How is a Gyre created? | When curents combine into a large circular system |
| What is Thermocline? | sudden change in temperature over a short period of time |
| Why are Western edges of oceans warmer than Eastern edges? | Cold water comes from the poles and warm water comes from the equator |
| Describle how an El Nino is created? What effect does it have on Oceans? | When normal weather patterns are reversed |
| How are tides created? What effects do tides have on marine life? What are the highest and lowest tides called? | -Tides are created by the moon and gravity. -changes habitat, coicides w/ breeding, and shape of the oceans basins |
| What tidal patterns does New Jersey have? | Semidiurnal (2 high, 2 lows) |
| What is a Berm? | dry, gently sloping at foot of cliff or dunes, often composed of sand |
| What is a longshore Bar? | Sandbar parallel to cost |
| What is a Swash? | Water rushes up from wave |
| What is a backwash? | Water rushes back to ocean |
| What is a dune? | Accumulation of sand found above the berm, usually populated by plants |
| What is a longshore trough? | Zone seperating bars from beach face |
| What is a Longshore Drift? | Movement of sand in zigzang motion |
| What is a Sea Stack? | Created when the top of sea arch crumbles |
| What is a Tombolo? | Sand ridge connecting two islands |
| What is a Sea Arch? | When waves erode throgh a sea cave |
| What are Phytoplankton? Give an example. | The photosynthetic componet of plankton, cosisting primarily of single-celled algae and bacteria Ex:Diatoms and Dinoflaggelletes |
| What are Zooplanktron? Give and example. | The heterotrophic, animal, and protozoan component of plankton Ex: Baby fish (larvea species) |
| Why are plankton an important part of the marine ecosystem? | They are the base of the marine food web |
| What are the three main parts of alga? | Stipe, Blade, and Holdfast |
| What are the three dominant pigments found in different types of algae? | Green, Brown, and Red |
| Provide an example of each of the three groups of algae we discussed? | Green- Sea lettuce Red- Coralline Brown- Sargassum |
| Why are kelp forest especially unique and important members of the algae realm? | They are highly productive regions which provide shelter and habitat for many organisms and supports many marine organisms most complex |
| What are Mangroves? | Trees that live in tropical regions which have made many adaptions such as -preventing salt from entering -secreates salt through leaves prevent floods and arean important nursery habitat |
| Members of the phylum Porifera are more commonly known as... | Sponges |
| How do Sponges feed? | They are filter feeders |
| What is the specialized feeding cell of sponges called? | Choanocyte |
| Members of the phylum Cnidaria include what two major groups we discussed? | Polyp and Medusa |
| What are two types of life stages found in Cnidarians? | Polyp and Medusa |
| Name two examples of Cnidarians? | Coral and Jellfish |
| What form of symmetry is exhibited by Cnidarians? | Radial Symmetry |
| Scyphozoans are commonly known as... | Jellyfish |
| Spilling Breaker | Gently sloping bottom |
| Plunging Breaker | Moderatly steep slope |
| Surging Breaker | Steep/abrupt slope |
| Wager | Composed Continental Drift |
| Sargassum | Algae that floats on top of water |
| Whay are the horse latitudes a threat to sailors? | THere wasnt a lot of wind |
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