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HCE 240 patho
key terms chapt one
| term | definition |
|---|---|
| Anaerobic | metabolism and function without oxygen |
| Apoptosis | normal programmed cell death in tissues |
| Autopsy | an examination of part or all of a body, including organs, after death (postmortem) to determine the cause of illness and death |
| Biopsy | the removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination to determine a diagnosis |
| Endogenous | originating from within the body |
| Exogenous | originating from outside the body |
| Gangrene | necrotic tissue infected by bacteria |
| Homeostasis | a relatively stable or constant environment in the body, including blood pressure, temperature, and pH, maintained by the various control mechanisms |
| Hypoxia | a decreased or insufficient level of oxygen in the tissues |
| Iatrogenic | caused by a treatment, procedure, or error |
| Idiopathic | no known cause |
| Inflammation | the response to tissue damage, indicated by redness, swelling, warmth, and pain |
| Ischemia | decreased blood supply to an organ or tissue |
| Lysis | destruction of a cell |
| Microorganism | very small living organism, not visible to the naked eye, usually single-celled |
| Microscopic | visible only when magnified by lenses in a microscope |
| Morphologic | the physical size, form, structure, and shape of cells or organs |
| Probability | the likelihood or chance of occurrence |
| atrophy | degeneration and wasting of tissue, organs, or muscle due to decrease in cell size |
| hypertrophy | increased size of an organ or muscle due to increased size of individual cells |
| hyperplasia | an abnormal increase in the number of cells resulting in an increased tissue mass |
| metaplasia | replacement of one mature cell type by another mature cell type |
| dysplasia | disorganized cells that vary in size and shape with large nuclei |
| anaplasia | undifferentiated primitive cells of variable size and shape, associated with cancer |
| neoplasm | abnormal growth of new cells, benign or malignant |
| etiology | cause or origin of a disease or abnormality |
| pathogenesis | the early stages in the development of a disease |
| Latent | present but hidden and inactive |
| Incubation period | the time between the initial exposure to the infectious agent and the appearance of the first signs of infection |
| Prodromal | the initial period in the development of disease before acute symptoms occur |
| Lesion | an abnormality in the structure of a tissue or organ |
| Syndrome | a group of signs and symptoms characteristic of a specific disorder |
| Exacerbation | an acute episode or increased severity of manifestations |
| precipitating factor | condition that triggers an acute episode |
| remission | manifestations of a disease subside |
| complications | secondary/additional problems that arise after original disease begins |
| sequelae | unwanted outcomes of primary condition |
| Prognosis | the probable outcome of a disease |
| Morbidity | the rate at which a disease occurs; the proportion of a group affected by a disease |
| Mortality | the number of deaths in a group for a specific disease |
| Epidemic | a disease occurring in higher numbers than usual in a certain population within a given time period |
| epidemiology | science of tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease |
| Occurrence | the incidence and prevalence of disease |
| Incidence | the number of new cases of a disease in a certain population within a time period |
| Communicable disease | a disease that can be transmitted from an infected person, directly or indirectly, to other susceptible hosts |
| Necrosis | death or destruction of tissue |
| liquefaction necrosis | process which dead cells liquefy under influence of certain enzymes (bacterial infections) |
| coagulative necrosis | cell proteins altered or denatured (MI) |
| fat necrosis | fatty tissue broken into fatty acids |
| caseous necrosis | form of coagulation, thick, yellowish, "cheesy" substance forms. (TB) |
| infarction | an area of dead tissue caused by lack of blood supply |
| somatic death | death of the body |
| brain death | lack of response to stimuli, EEG changes, and decreased perfusion in the brain |
| –Congenital diseases | diseases occurring at birth |
| –Remission | period when symptoms & signs of disease abates |
| –Exacerbation | period when symptoms & signs increase |
| –Endemic disease | disease native to local area |
Created by:
superheromom24
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