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Reproducing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| eggs | Gametes or ova |
| estrogen | A female hormone secreted by the ovary, it is responsible for typical female sexual characteristics. |
| progesterone | A female hormone that prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy. |
| mesentery | A double layer of peritoneum that acts as a structural support for the ovaries. |
| mesovarium | The fold of peritoneum connecting the ovary with the wall of the abdominal cavity. |
| suspensory ligament | A fold of peritoneum that extends out from the ovary to the wall of the pelvis. (Also called infundibulopelvic ligament.) |
| ovarian ligament | A fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus. (Also called utero-ovarian ligament.) |
| cortex | Outer portion of an organ. |
| medulla | Inner part of an organ. |
| stroma | The connective tissue of the cortex that contains many ovarian follicles in various stages of development. |
| graafian follicle | Matured ovarian follicle that produces the female hormone estrogen. |
| corpus luteum | The ruptured ovarian follicle that produces the female hormone progesterone. |
| oviducts | Another name for the fallopian tubes. |
| ampulla | The longest portion of the fallopian tube. |
| infundibulum | The widest end of the fallopian tube; it is funnel shaped. |
| fundus | The upper most portion of the uterus. |
| proliferative | A stage in the menstrual cycle where the endometrium rapidly regenerates and the blood supply increases. |
| fornix | A recessed area around the cervix. |
| medulla | Inner part of an organ. |
| vestibular | gland Lubricating glands for the fornix. |
| Bartholin's gland | Lubricating glands for the fornix. |
| vulva | Part of the female reproductive system called the external genitalia. |
| mons pubis | A pad of connective tissue that covers the symphysis pubis and (after puberty) supports the coarse pubic hair. |
| perineum | The area between the thighs to the anus. |
| sebaceous glands | Glands which secrete a greasy, lubricating substance. |
| prepuce | A covering fold of skin of the clitoris. |
| mammary | Glands located within the breasts that are modified sweat glands. |
| integumentary | The skin. |
| lactation | The secretion of milk from the breasts for nourishment of infants. |
| areola | A circular pigmented area that surrounds the nipple. |
| menarche | Establishment or beginning of menstrual function. |
| menopause | Cessation of menstruation. |
| Papanicolaou | smear Test which examines the cells of the female tract to determine if there are any precancerous or cancerous lesions. |
| mammograms | Radiographs of the breasts to check for lesions. |
| bimanual Examination | with both hands; one hand is placed in the vagina and the other on the abdomen in order to palpate the uterus. |
| estradiol | The most potent naturally-occurring estrogen in humans. |
| FSH | Follicle-stimulating hormone secreted by the hypothalamus. |
| luteal phase | Named for the corpus luteum, it is also called the postovulatory phase. |
| hysterosalpingogram | Dye-test with visualization of the tubes and uterus by x-ray. |
| laparoscopy | Examination of the interior of the abdomen or pelvis with a scope. |
| chromotubation | Dye-test of the tubes under direct or camera visualization. |
| puberty | The time when secondary sex changes start. |
| human chorionic gonadotropin | Hormone present in the blood that indicates pregnancy. |
| gestation | The time from fertilization of an ovum through birth. |
| gravida | A pregnant woman. |
| parity | The outcome of each pregnancy |
| para | Each delivery of a viable fetus. |
| abortus | Each loss of a fetus. |
| maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein | A blood test to check levels of alpha-fetoprotein, which, if elevated, can indicate neural tube defect, multiple fetuses, or incorrect dates. |
| amniocentesis | A needle aspiration of the uterus to obtain amniotic fluid for determination of abnormalities. |
| fetus | Unborn offspring from approximately 8 weeks after fertilization until birth. |
| amniotomy | The delivery of a mucous plug and rupture of the bag of waters or amniotic sac performed by the physician. |
| breech | Presentation of the infant buttocks first. |
| vertex | Presentation of the infant with the crown of the head/shoulder first. |
| effacement | The obliteration and change of the cervix that occurs during labor. |
| dilation | The amount of opening of the cervix during labor; measured in centimeters according to the width and diameter of the cervix. |
| external os | External orifice. |
| episiotomy | Surgical incision into the perineum and vagina. |
| forceps | An instrument with two blades and a handle for grasping the baby's head. |
| placenta | The organ through which blood, nutrients, and fluids are shared between the mother and the fetus and waste is removed. |
| Apgar score | An assessment of the newborn in a numerical expression (0–10) based on such factors as the respiratory rate, heart rate, muscle tone, reflex to stimulation, and color; usually assessed at both one minute and five minutes after birth. |
| postpartum | The period for the mother after childbirth. |
| parturition | The process of giving birth. |
| lochia | A vaginal discharge during the first one to two weeks after birth. |
| amenorrhea | Absence or abnormal stoppage of menstrual flow. |
| dysmenorrhea | Painful menstruation. |
| dyspareunia | Difficult or painful coitus. |
| coitus | Sexual connection of male and female; another term for intercourse. |
| dysuria | Painful or difficult urination. Although this is a symptom which affects the urinary system, it can also be indicative of reproductive pathology. |
| hirsutism | Abnormal hairiness. This refers to the condition in which a male pattern of hair distribution occurs in a woman. It comes from the root hirsute, meaning "hairy." |
| menometrorrhagia | Excessive uterine bleeding that occurs both during menses and at irregular intervals. This is a common symptom in menopausal women. |
| menorrhea | This term is used interchangeably to mean both the normal flow of menstruation and profuse menstruation. |
| metrorrhagia | Uterine bleeding that occurs in varying amounts at totally irregular intervals, sometimes lasting for a long time. |
| mittelschmerz | Pain which occurs during ovulation (which is generally the middle of a menstrual cycle). |
| oligomenorrhea | Infrequent menstrual flow, usually occurring in cycles of 35 days to six months. |
| pica | A bizarre craving for strange foods or even nonedible materials, such as dirt, gravel, paint, or plaster. This sometimes occurs in pregnant women. |
| pruritus vulvae | Severe itching of the external genitalia. |
| spontaneous abortion | A spontaneous abortion is a naturally occurring one, often referred to in layman’s terms as a miscarriage. |
| miscarriage | A spontaneous abortion. |
| therapeutic abortion | A therapeutic abortion is one that is deliberately induced. |
| abruptio placentae | A premature detachment of the placenta. This is usually fatal to the unborn fetus. |
| anovulation | The absence of ovulation. This can be used to describe a woman either before she begins her menstrual cycle or following menopause. There are also a variety of reasons for this to occur otherwise—such as with extreme obesity or very low bo |
| Asherman syndrome | Persistent amenorrhea and secondary sterility due to intrauterine adhesions. |
| candidiasis | Generically this is any infection caused by a fungus of the genus Candida. It is usually a superficial infection of moist areas of the body and is commonly seen in the vagina. |
| cervicitis | Inflammation of the cervix. |
| cesarean section | Incision through the abdominal and uterine walls for delivery of a baby. |
| Chlamydia | A genus of bacteria which multiply only within a host cell. This is a common sexually transmitted disease and secondarily causes infertility, especially in female patients. |
| dystocia | Abnormal or difficult labor. This may be caused by obstruction or constriction of the birth passage, or by some abnormality in the size, shape, condition, or position of the fetus. |
| endometriosis | A generally benign disease in which functioning endometrial tissue is present in areas outside of the uterine cavity. This is easily confused with endometritis, which is inflammation of the endometrium. Severe endometriosis can interfere |
| endometritis | Inflammation of the endometrium. |
| fibroadenoma | Literally, an adenoma (benign tumor) comprised of fibrous tissue. Typically, this describes a benign tumor of the breast. |
| fibrocystic disease | This is the formation of benign but painful cysts in the breasts. |
| fibromyoma | Also called a leiomyoma, these are benign tumors that contain both muscular and fibrous components and generally occur in the myometrium layer of the uterus. |
| gonorrhea | This is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Symptoms of inflammation, pain, and purulent discharge are more severe in males than in females, but it can cause female sterility. |
| herpes | This refers to any inflammatory skin disease caused by a herpes virus and is characterized by the formation of small clusters of vesicles. Genital herpes (resulting in clusters of vesicles which occur on the genitals of both sexes) is transmitt |
| hydatidiform mole | An abnormal pregnancy in which the chorionic villi form a mass of cysts similar in appearance to a cluster of grapes. |
| infertility | A diminished or absent capacity to produce offspring. This does not refer to the complete inability to produce children, which is called sterility. There are many reasons for infertility and many treatments and procedures are available. It is |
| sterility | The complete inability to produce children. |
| leiomyoma | A benign tumor derived from the smooth muscle (usually of the uterus). This is also called a fibroid. (The plural form is leiomyomata.) |
| mastitis | Inflammation of a mammary gland or the breast. |
| melasma | Also called the mask of pregnancy, this is a blotchy, brownish color that occurs over the forehead and malar eminence. This brownish pigment is also common around the mammary areola and in a dark line down the abdomen. |
| nabothian cyst | A small, yellowish mass consisting of dilated endocervical gland and appearing at the external cervical os. |
| oophoritis | Inflammation of an ovary. |
| Paget disease | An intraductal carcinoma (cancer) of the breast. Also refers to a neoplasm of the vulva closely associated with Paget disease of the breast, but less likely to become carcinomatous. |
| placenta previa | This is when the placenta implants over or near the internal os of the cervix. If it completely covers the os, it is total previa, and if it only partially covers it, it is a partial previa. It is characterized by sudden, painless vagi |
| 1precocious puberty | The onset of sexual maturation at an earlier age than usual. Incidentally, the lower limit of normal maturation for girls is 8 and for boys is 9. |
| preeclampsia | A complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and/or proteinuria. |
| puerperal infection | Puerperal means pertaining to the period from the end of the third stage of labor to involution of the uterus, which is usually about three to six weeks. A puerperal infection is any infection that afflicts the mother during this t |
| salpingitis | Inflammation of a uterine or fallopian tube. |
| syphilis | A sexually transmitted disease that passes through three different stages and can be latent for years. It can affect any tissue or organ in the body. Primary symptoms include lesions or rashes and can eventually compromise major body systems. |
| teratoma | A neoplasm (any abnormal growth) of the ovary that originates from germ cells, or any type of germ cell tumor. |
| neoplasm | Any abnormal growth. |
| trichomoniasis | A sexually transmitted disease caused by a parasitic protozoa. Trichomonas vaginalis is found in both the female and male genital tract and is the cause of trichomoniasis. |
| Turner syndrome | A developmental defect in which the ovaries are either absent or represented only by streaks of ovarian tissue in the broad ligaments. Menstruation does not occur. |
| vaginitis | Inflammation of the vagina that is characterized by pain and purulent discharge. |
| An examination with a microscope to detect any abnormal cells. | Papanicolaou smear |
| X-ray film of the soft tissue of the breast. | mammogram |
| Second half of the menstrual cycle, after ovulation. | luteal phase |
| Inflammation of the glans penis. | balanitis |
| Failure of one or both testes to move into the scrotum. | cryptorchidism |
| Two muscles of the male reproductive system located near the testis and scrotum are the dartos and the _____ . | cremaster |
| The four primary female sex organs are the ovaries, fallopian tubes, _____ , and vagina. | uterus |
| Another name for Bartholin glands are the _____ glands. | vestibular |
| The uppermost portion of the uterus is the _____ . | fundus |
| The _____ is the sac-like structure which contains the testes. | scrotum |
| The total length of the epididymis is 6–7 cm in length. | false |
| Each ovary has an outer cortex and inner medulla. | true |
| The singular form of the word testis is testas. | false |
| The penis is the copulatory organ of the male reproductive system. | true |
| Mammary glands are modified sweat glands. | true |
| Muscular tube from cervical opening to uterus to outside of body. | vagina |
| Cleft between the labia. | vestibule |
| Process of secreting milk. | lactation |
| Main product of the ovaries. | gametes |
| Fertilization of ovum through birth. | gestation |
| Beginning of menstrual function. | menarche |
| Scoped examination of interior abdomen or pelvis. | laparoscopy |
| A pregnant woman. | gravida |
| Incision into the perineum. | episiotomy |
| Dye test of fallopian tubes. | chromotubation |
| fornices | plural |
| corpus cavernosum | singular |
| ova | plural |
| fundus | singular |
| labia minora | plural |
Created by:
trinka
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