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AH-Lewis Ch. 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What goes on in one's mind have effect on? | every part of the body |
| Stess has a powerful effect on? | the mind |
| Stress is linked to the? | leading cause of death |
| What is stress? | a response to an environment demand or stressor |
| Stress inducing demands= | stressors |
| Stress can also be caused by? | emotional and psychologic events |
| Stress occurs when? | individuals perceive that they cannot adequately cope with the demands being made on them or eith the threats to their well being |
| What is the key aspect of stressors? | they require an individual to adapt |
| There are differences in adaptive respone because of? | duration of stressors and the intensity of the stressor |
| What is hardiness? | is believed to be a mediating factor in the relationship between stress and illness |
| A hardy person has? | a clear sense of personal values and goals, a strong tendency toward interaction with the enviroment, a sense of meaningfulness, an internal rather than external locus of control |
| What does an internal locus of control mean? | that the hardy person perceiwves that his or her life is self determines and opposed to being directed by external events |
| What is a sense of coherence? | is believed to be a more powerful mediator of stress and illness than hardiness and is a key determinant of health |
| SOC individuals see the world as? | their life in it |
| What are the three components of SOC? | comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness |
| An individual with a strong SOC see's ones life as? | ordered, predictable, and manageable |
| People with weak SOC see stressors as? | threatening and anxiety provoking |
| What is resilience? | is defined as being resourceful, being flexible, and having an available source of problem solving strategies |
| What can also effect how a person has stress? | attitude |
| Optimists are able to _____ more effectivly with stress? | cope |
| Pessimists are likely to? | deny the problem |
| What is the general adaptation syndrom? | physical response to stress |
| What are the 3 stages of GAS? | Alarm reaction, stage of resistance, and stage of exhaustion |
| What does the alarm reaction consist of? | where the individual perceives a stressor physically or mentally and the fight or flight respone begins |
| if stress lowers someones resistance it can lead to? | disease or death |
| We move from the alarm reactions to? | stages of resistance quickly |
| What happens in the stages of resistance? | physiologic reserves are mobilized to increase the resistance of stress |
| The resources avaliable to a person limit? | adaptive energy |
| What are the resources? | internal physical and psychologic reserves, family, friends, and health care workers |
| What is the last stage of GAS? | stage of exhaustion |
| What has happend in the stage of exhaustion? | all of the energy for adaptation has been expended |
| What is included in the physiologic response to stress? | nervous, endocrine and immune systems |
| Once the nervous, endocrine and immune systems are affected by stress, stress can begin? | affecting other systems |
| The body responds physiologically to both? | actual and potential stressors |
| What does the cerebral cortex do? | evaluates the emotional psychologic event in light of past experiences and future consquences and thus plans a course of action |
| What does the limbic system to? | mediator of emotions and behavior, When it is stimulated behaviors can occur that ensure survival and self preservation |
| What is reticular formation? | contains the RAS, when the RAS is stimulated it increases the output of impulses, leading to wakefulness |
| What does the hypothalamus do? | it regulates the functions of both the sympathetic and parasypatheic branches of the ANS |
| The hypothalamus causes the release of? | CRH and ACTH |
| Once the hypothalamus is activated what becomes involved? | the endocrine system |
| What does epinephrine and norepinephrine prepare the body for? | fight or flight response |
| Stress activates the | hypothalamic pituitary adrenal |
| What are essential for the stress response? | corticosteroids |
| What can corticosteroids do? | increase blood glucose, potentiate the action of catecholamines on blood vessels, and inhibits the inflammatory response |
| What is psychoneuroimmunology? | a science that seeks to understand the interactions amoung psychologic, neurologic and immune responses |
| Chronic stress induces? | immunosuppresssion |
| Stress plays a role in? | the development or progression in the diseases of adaptation, or stress related illness |
| Stress can affects? | cognitive function, memory, dreams, sleep, and decision making |
| What is the hippocampus important for? | long term memory and cognitive functions |
| Studies show prolonged stress causes damage to the? | hippocampus |
| What are also aggrivated by stress? | IBS, headaches, and peptic ulcers |
| stress in life can cause a person to be? | more suseptable to infection |
| What is coping? | a person's cognitive and behavoral efforts to manage specific external or internal stressors that seem to exceed avaliable resources |
| What is positive coping? | excersice, upoort |
| What is negative coping? | drugs and denial |
| What are coping resources? | characteristics or actions drawn on to manage stress and include factos within ther person or the environment |
| What are examples of coping resources? | health status, beliefs, problem solving skills, social skills, social support, and financial resources |
| What are the two categories of coping strategies? | emotion focused, and problem focused |
| What does emotion focused involve? | managing the emotions that an individual feels when a stressful event occurs |
| What does problem focused involve? | attempts to find solutions to resolve the problems causing the stress |
| What is the main purpose of emotion focused? | help decrease negative emotions |
| Emotion focused coping strategies? | help create a feeling of well being |
| If a prob can be changed or controlled? | problem focused coping is most helpful |
| Problem focus coping allows? | individual to look at a challenge objectively, take action to address the prob, and thereby reduce stress |
| What is coping flexibility? | ability to change and adapt coping strategies over time and across different stressful conditions |
| What is relaxation response? | state of deep rest |
| What types of relaxation stratagies are there? | relaxation breathing, meditation, imagery, muscle relaxation, pray and excersice |
| Where can relaxation breathing be done? | while sitting, standing, or laying down |
| What is the oldest type of relaxation? | meditation |
| What is meditation? | the state of being with increased concentration and awarenesss |
| What are the 3 basic ways to practice meditation? | concentration, guided meditation, and mindfulness practices |
| What does the concentration technique do? | directs the mind to a single focus |
| What is guided meditation? | where the mind and imagination are focused toward a goal |
| what is mindfulness practices? | attend to all sensations |
| Where is best for meditation? | quiet and free of distraction |
| What is imagery? | the use of one's mind to generate images that have a calming effect on the body |
| What is guided imagery? | where pictures are provided from another person |
| Music can help? | achieve relaxation |
| music decreases? | anxiety and pain |
| 60-80 beats per min= | soothing |
| low pitch tones and no words is? | recommended |
| muscle tension is? | a general reaction to stress |
| what are the 2 types of muscle relaxation? | passive and progressive |
| What does progressive includes? | tensing and relaxing the muscles |
| when muscles are relaxed? | the mind is relaxed |
| What is passive muscle relaxation? | focus only on the relaxation of muscles |
| Massage provide? | touch |
| What should be assessed about stress? | the number of stressors, the druation, and the previous experience |
| What are the levels that stressors can be identified at? | individual, family, or community level |
| The first step in managing stress is to? | become aware it is there |
| Many relaxation strategies can be taught in? | 10-15 min |
| To be prepared for the relaxation strategies tell the pt? | to wear loose clothes, make sure the setting is private, comfortable, and free from noise |
| The nurse must be aware when a pt? | needs further counseling |
| What is good stress? | Ustress |
| What is bad stress? | distress |
Created by:
alicia.rennaker
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