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Phys. Assess. Ch. 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a general survey? | a study of the whole person, covering the general health state and any obvious physical charecteristics |
| When does a general survey start? | When you first encounter the person |
| Even as you introduce yourself and shake hands your? | collecting data |
| What 4 areas should you consider when doing a general survey? | physical appearance, body structure, mobility, and behavior |
| What is included in physical appearance? | Age(appear their age?), sex (development), Skin color (color tone), Facial features (are they symetric with movement?) |
| What is A&O x3? | Time, Place, Person, (Event) |
| What is included in body structure? | Statue (height), nutrition (normal weight range), position (sits comforably), body build (Arm span, body length) |
| What is toddler lordosis? | When a standing toddler has a normally protuberant abdomen |
| What is included in mobility? | Gait, range of motion (movement is smooth and cordinated) |
| What is included in behavior? | facial expression (eye contact, express appropriate respone) mood and effect (cooperative), Speech (articulation), Dress (clothing is app. to climate, and culture), Personal hygiene (clean and groomed?) |
| When getting weight you should? | use a standardized balance or electric standing sale |
| When you have to weigh reguraly? | pick same time and same type of clothing |
| To get height you? | use a wall mounted device or a measuring pole |
| What is BMI? | a practical marker of optimal weight for height and an indicator of obesity or protein calorie malnutrition |
| What is the waist to hip ratio? | assesses body fat distribution as an indicator of health risk |
| What is android obesity? | fat in the upper body (abdomen) |
| What is gynoid obesity? | fat in the lower body (hips) |
| What is waist circumfrance be used for? | alone can be used to predict greater health risk |
| What does cellular metabolism require? | a stable core of 37.2 C |
| How does the body maintain a steady temperature? | through a feedback mechanism |
| How is the feedback mechanism regulated? | hypothalamus |
| What is a normal oral temp? | 98.6 |
| What is a normal temp influenced by? | diurnal cycle (trough in morning, and peak in the evening), the menstruation cycle, exercise, age (adults lower) |
| The oral temp is? | accurate and convenient |
| Why is oral temp accurate? | oral sublingual site (rich blood supply) |
| What are the advantages of an electric thermometer? | swift and accurate, safe, unbreakable, disposalbe |
| The axillary temp is? | safe and accurate for young ones |
| When is the only reason to take a rectal temp? | only when other routes are not practical |
| What is a tympanic membrane thermometer? | is senses infrared emmisions of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) |
| What are the advantages of tympanic thermometer? | speed, convenience, safety, reduced risk of injury and infection, and noninvasiveness |
| What is the stroke volume? | blood pumped with every beat |
| What is a pulse? | the blood pressure felt against the artery |
| Start your pulse count with? | 0 |
| The second pulse felt is? | 2 |
| What do you assess about the pulse? | rate, rhythm, force, and elasticity |
| What is the normal adult heart rate? | 60-100 beats |
| Younger age causes heart rate? | to be more rapid |
| Older age causes heart rate to be? | more moderate |
| Females have a ________ heart rate than males? | higher |
| What is bradycardia? | a heart rate less than 60 BPM |
| What is tachycardia? | over 100 BPM |
| The rhythm of the pulse normally has an even? | tempo |
| What is sinus arrhythmia? | the heart rate varies with the respiratory cycle, speeding up at the peak of inspiration and slowing to normal with expiration |
| What does a weak thready pulse reflets? | decrease stroke volume |
| What does a full bounding pulse indicate? | increase stroke volume |
| What is the three point scale for force of heart? | 0 absent 1 weak 2 normal 3 full bounding |
| What is the normal elascity of arteries? | springy, straight, resilient |
| What is a persons normal respirations like? | relaxed, regular, automatic, and silent |
| Do not say that you are? | counting respirations |
| Respiratory rates are usually how in children? | more rapid |
| What is the constant ratio of pulse rate to repiratory rate? | 4:1 |
| What is blood pressure? | the force of blood pushing against the side of its container, the vesel wall |
| What is the systolic pressure? | is the maximum pressure felt on the artery during left ventricular contraction |
| What is the diastolic pressure? | is the elestic recoil, or resting, pressure that the blood exerts constantly between each contraction |
| What is the pulse pressure? | the difference between the systolic and diastolic and reflects the stroke volume |
| What is the mean artierial pressure? | the pressure forcing blood into the tissues, averaged over the cardiac cycle |
| What affects blood pressure? | age (adult-rise), gender (females-lower), race (black-higher) |
| What is diurnal rhythm? | a daily cycle of a peak and a trough occures: the BP climbs to a high in later afternoon and early evening and then declines to an early morning low |
| How does weight affect BP? | Higher is obese people |
| How does emotions effect BP? | rises with fear, anger, and pain |
| What are the five factors in which BP is determined? | CO, Peripheal vascular resistence, Volume of circulating blood, viscosity,and elasticity of vessel walls |
| Increased CO= | increased pressure |
| Increased PV resistence= | greater pressure |
| Increased volume= | increased pressure |
| Increased viscosity (thickness)= | greater pressure |
| Lower elasticity= | lower pressure |
| What is BP measured with? | stethoscope, sphygmomanometer |
| The bladder of a BP cuff should be around how much of a pt's arm? | 40% |
| The length of a cuff should be? | 80% |
| How many cuff sizes are there? | 6 |
| You should take how many BP readings? | 2 seperated by 2 min |
| For each person you should verify BP? | in both arms |
| The arm should be where during BP readings? | heart level |
| When setting during BP reading where should the pt's feet be? | flat on the floor |
| What is the auscultatory gap? | period when korotkoff's sounds disappear during auscultation |
| The fifth korotkoff phase is used to define what? | Diastolic pressure |
| You should take serial measurements of pulse and blood pressure when? | you suspect volume depletion, when the person reports fainting, or if they are hypertensive |
| When you take blood pressures from a person sitting and then a person standing there is? | a slight decrease |
| What is coaractation of the aorta? | congenital form of narrowing |
| If BP in the arm is high you should? | check theigh pressure |
| Theigh pressure is normally ________ than the arm? | higher |
| What is normally higher when getting a theigh pressure? | systolic (10-40 mg) |
| What should you asses with children? | Physical appearance, body structure, mobility, behavior, and parental bonding |
| Were do you weigh an infant? | platform type balance scale |
| When do you start using an upright scale? | 2 or 3 |
| How do you measure an infants length? | horizontal measuring board |
| By 2 or 3 your should measure a child how? | a standing platform scale |
| What is the best index of a child's general health? | physical growth |
| Healthy childhood growth is? | continuous but uneven |
| Black children _______ _____ than white? | weigh less |
| How long do you measure head circumference? | at birth and at each visit until 2 and then yearly till 6 years |
| What order should vitals be taken in infants? | respiration, pulse, and temp |
| How long dose it usually take for glass thermometer? | 3-5 min |
| What site do you use to take pulses in infants? | apical |
| The cuff on an infant should? | cover 2/3 of the arm and must completly incircle it |
| What is assessed with aging pt's? | Physical appearance, posture, gait, weight, height (shorter) |
| In elderly what increase? | respirations, and BP |
| What is a pulse oximeter? | a noninvasive method to assess arterial oxygen satruation |
| What is a good oxygen saturation? | 97-98% |
| What is the doppler ultrasonic flowmeter? | pitch is higher-when distance is small Pitch lowers- as the distance increases |
| The doppler technique is used for? | locating the peripheral pulse site |
| What should you do before usuing doppler technique? | apply gel, turn on, touch to skin, pulsatile woushing sound indiactes artery, inflate cuff, deflate cough |
| What will keep BP under control? | lose weight, no alcohol, regualr aerobic excercise, cut sodium intake, no smoking, reduce dietary saturated fat and cholesterol |
| Why are immigrants usually taller? | better nutrition provided in the US and deceased interference with growth from infectios diseases during the formative years |
| What is hypopituitary dwarfism? | deficiency in growth hormone |
| What is gigantism? | excessive growth hormone |
| What is acromegaly? | excessive growth hormone, overgrowth of bone in face, hands, and feet |
| What is achondroplastic dwarfism? | Congenital skeletal malformation caused by genetic disorder is converting cartilage to bone |
| What is Marfan's syndrome? | thin and tall, but arm length is longer than the body is tall |
Created by:
alicia.rennaker
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