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soc152a
pre first mid term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vulva | entire external genitalia in a woman |
| mons veneri | has many nerve endings and pubic hair, fatty deposit |
| labia majora | outer lips, extends from mons and contain nerve endings, darker skin and pubic hair, erotically sensitive |
| labia minora | inner lips, hairless, filled with glands, blood vessels and nerve endings, swell and flush during arousal |
| vestibule | between labia minora, contain clitoris, urethral opening and introutus |
| clitoris | made of spongy tissue, internal and external portions, erectile |
| glans of clitoris | pearl sized knob of tisssue, out of clitoral hood, made of corpos spongiosum |
| shaft of clitoris | under clitoral hood, hardens during vasoocongestion, corupus cavernosa |
| crura | internal extension of clitoris, wishbone shape, 3 inches long and wrap around urethra |
| urethra | area where urine is discharged out of bladder |
| vestibular bulbs | curved masses of erectile tissue, surround vestibule and udnderlie labia minora, erectile, lengthen and stiffen vagina |
| vaginal opening | introitus entrance to vagina |
| hymen | membranous fold of sking that covers vaginal opening, no know scientific function but social fucntion |
| perineum | hairless sensitive area between introitus and anus, cut during an episiotomy |
| pelvic floor muslces | PC muscle, KEGEL exercises increase tone of these muslces, tense during orgasm |
| sunnah | removal of clitoral hood |
| infibulation | clitoridectemy and removal of labia minora and some of labia majora, stiched to cover vestibule leaving only a small hole |
| clitoridectomy | removal of clitoris |
| female reporductive tract | formed by vagina, cervix, body of the uterus, oviducts or fallopian tubes, and two ovaries functions: transport of sperm and ova, fertilization, pregnancy and passage of fetus during childbirth |
| vagina | outermost part of reproductive tract, highly elastic, contain bacteria, sweating during arousal and contractions |
| three layers of vagina | mucosa, muscle and outer fimbro elastic |
| grafenberg spot | sensitivty on front wall of vagina |
| anus | exit of gastrointestinal tract, little lubrication |
| uterus | womb, hollow organ within pelvic cavity, upside down pear shaped |
| layers of uterus | endometrium-shed during menstruation myometrium-smooth muslce, important during child birth perimetrium- tough outer layer |
| cervix | bottom of the pear, bulges into vagina |
| OS | connects vagina to cervix thru a short canal |
| oviducts | fallopian tubes, 4 inches long, really thin, fertilization spot |
| ciliA | hairlike structures in tubes that wave toward uterus moving ova |
| ovaries | gonads, produce ova and secrete sex steroids, egg shaped |
| ovulation | production of oocytes into ova-happens in ovaries |
| menstruation | shedding of endometrium, three phases, menstrual, preovulatory and postovulatory |
| dysmenorrhea | painful menstration that is severe enought o limit a woman's activites |
| breasts | erotic and reproductive significances,mammary glands lie between skin and muscles of chest wall |
| alveolus | microscopic cavities that produce breast milk |
| areola | dark circles where nipple is located |
| breast cancer | 180,000 US women diagnosed each year, 13.2 of women develop the disease, factors that alter risk, genes, age, reproductive history, alcohol, obesity , exercise, med history hormones |
| penis | erectile erotically sensitive organ in males, functions include sexual pleasure, delivery of semen and urination |
| root of penis | portion of penis that lies within the body 2 inches long consists of two crura, back of the copora cavernosa and central culb and corpus spongiosum , connects shaft to pelvic cavity |
| shaft | external elongated portion of penis contains the two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum |
| glans of penis | head, terminal knob of the penis containing foreskin that govers the glans acorn shaped has nerve endings |
| corona | rim of penis, crown, very sensitive |
| frenulum | loose strip of skin running on the underside of the penis running between glans and shaft , very sensitive |
| foreskin | flap of skin that covers head of penis, removed in circumcision |
| scrotum | loose bag of skin that hangs behind the penis and contains the 2 testicles, lightly covered in hair and possesses sweat glands, has a smooth muscle that contract in response to cold that bring the testes closer to the body |
| testicles | egg shaped, produce sperm and secrete sex hormones |
| epididymis | structure where sperm is stored and matured before entering the vans deferens , C shaped around the testes |
| Spermatic Cord | two cords that include the vas deferens, blood vessels and cremster muscle(contracts to bring testes up) that pass through the inguinal canal to the testicle , connect testes to organ systems in abdominal cavity |
| Vas Deferens (Vas) | tube that carries mature sperm away from epididymis to ejaculatory duct |
| ejaculatory duct | ormed by the junction of the vas and duct of seminal vesicle and empties into the urethra within the prostate |
| seminiferous tubules | majority of internal structure of testes, site of sperm production, squiggly coils |
| spermatogenesis | production of sperm, each man produces about 100 million sperm per day |
| interstitial cells | located in between tubules in testes, produce hormones |
| Prostate Gland | single gland located at base of bladder that surrounds urethra, secretes hormones that compose semen, larger than a walnut, secretes alkaline fluid, major component of semen |
| seminal vesicles | two glands on either side of prostate, but add their own secretions which cause sperm tails to start wiggling |
| Bulbourethral Glands (a.k.a Cowper’s Glands) | lie below prostate glands pea sized glands near root of penis, excrete basic pre cum prior to ejaculation |
| semen | thick cloudy liquid that is expelled from male urethra at ejaculation/climax, sperm is only 1%, 30% is from prostate and 70% is from seminal vesicles |
| emission | ejaculation inevitibility,2 to 3 seconds, pleasurable loading of semen constituents into posterior urethra before ejaculation |
| ejaculation | muscle contractions and pumping of semen through urethra and penis |
| orgasm | pleasure felt by muscle contractions, |
| Androgen | testosterone Promotes expression of male typical gendered traits responsible for maintaining sex drive in men |
| estrogens(in men) | maintain bone density, growth of limbs, sperm-required for male fertility |
| Progestins | counteracts androgens, necessary for proper functioning of androgens and estrogens in male body |
| fimbria | fingerlike substances that "pick up" ovaries and bring them into fallopian tubes |
| follicle | a sac containing 1 egg, create ovum and release into oviducts |
| smegma | cheesy stuff that builds up under foreskin , can get infected |
| cavernous bodies | corpora cavernosa, two tubes in middle of penis that allow blood to flow through |
| spongy body | corpus spongiousum, single cavity on botom, forms glans |
| myotonia | increased muscle tension/contraction |
| fantasy | imagined sexual experiences during waking hours, promotes sexual arousal |
| fantasy in M vs W | men fantasize more than women, M are more adventruous, W fantasize more about marriage, W fantasize about stuff they have already done, M about things they havent, fantasies tend to be consistent with stereotypes about M and W |
| Gay/lesbian fantasy | similar to hetero, except with sex they like |
| fantasies without guilt | leads to a better sex life |
| arousal increases due to | flirting, sexual negotiation and sexual contact |
| m aroused | psychologically and genitally by images appropriate to sexual orientation |
| w aroused | by men and women regardless of sexual orientation |
| missattribution of arousal | the tendency of nonsexual arousal to cause arousal (i.e. fear, excitement |
| testosterones affect on arousal | no short term influence on sexual desire Sexual activity triggers testosterone ↑, but high testosterone does not trigger a desire for sexual activity Testosterone does influence arousability in adult M |
| hypogonadal | producing insufficient levels of sex hormones(=↓ in sexual desire/activity) |
| classical/pavlovian conditioning | a form of learning in which a novel stimulus is linked with a ___pre-existing reflex |
| Sexual response cycle | the sequence of physiological processes that accompany sexual behavior excitement, plateu, orgasm, resolution |
| excitement phase in W | genital response, vasocongestion of labia minora, vaginal lubrication, erection of clitoris and nipples, swelling of breasts and uterus, increase in heart rate and blood pressure |
| excitement phase in M | erection of penis, contraction of cremaster to elevate testicles, nipples erect, can be from 1 min to 1 hour |
| plateau phase in W | arousal is maintained thightening of walls of vagina, orgasmic platform, glans of clitores retracts, breasts swell, sex flush, increase heart rate and blood pressure, myotonia |
| plateau phase in M | sex flush, myotonia, secretion of pre cum, stronger erection, heart and respiration increase |
| resolution phase | arousal subsides, physiological signs of arousal reverse themselves, takes 15 minutes |
| multiple orgasms | during which further sexual stimulation does not lead to a renewed erection or second orgasm |
| refractory period | after M orgasms, sexual stimulation does not lead to renewed erection or second orgasm 30-90 mins, can be lessened |
| masturbation | sexual self stimulation, many negative attitudes towards it |
| reasons for masturbation | relieve sexual tension, physical pleasure, no available partner |
| studying childhood sexuality | difficult because children are supposed to be sexually innocent |
| UCLA study on children | children saw parents naked or engaging in sexual behavior were no more likely to experience psychological problems in later childhood or adolescence, tendency to have fewer problems |
| genital exploration | solitary sexual activityin children is common and normal |
| erections in young boys | can be part of a generalized arousal response – not necessarily sexually oriented |
| impersonal sexual activity | can also occur during childhood Showing genitals to adults or other children Attempting to view the genitals of others |
| child adult contact | mostly involve older children and are single encounters, most aren'ts strangers |
| sex-segregated years | Gender norms may traumatize pre-gay children they are nonconformist sometimes and will stand out from other children, time when gender norms are strict , internalization of homophobic attitudes occu |
| puberty in girls | pubic hair, growth of reproductive organs, breasts(buds) menarch |
| puberty in boys | enlargement of testicles, lengthening and thickening of penis, pubic hair, voice box grows, gynecomastia(growth of small breasts) acne, 1rst ejaculation occurs at 13, underarm hair, acne |
| cause of puberty | achievement of critical body weight, girls is 6, boys is 120 |
| Primary Amenorrhea | girls who don't have a lot of body fat may not begin to menstruate at all , failure to begin menstruating at puberty |
| Secondary Amenorrhea | if women lose body fat after puberty their menstrual cycles may cease |
| Precocious puberty | puberty that begins too early - Considered too early if girls develop breasts and pubic hair before age 8 for girls and 9 for boys , more likely to become sexualy mature or active, can lead to social and psychological problems |
| fetishism | sexual arousal by inanimate objects, materials or parts of the body when it pla ys an important role in a person's sex life |
| object fetishisms | fetish is about a thing |
| media fetishism | materials are the fetish |
| partialism | attraction is about a body part |
| Cross Dress | wear clothing of another sex may do it to get privileges only granted to a certain sex or doe it for entertainment purposes |
| Doing Drag | ntertainment purposes , over the top Transgendered Cross Dressing May be a vital expression of their gender identity, not about a fetish or erotic arousal |
| Transvestic Fetishism or transvestism | having a fetish of wearing women's clothes, many of these men are married and progress from liking a piece of clothing, then to wearing the clothing and progressively getting more extreme |
| Sadism | arousal by inflicting pain or witnessing someone in pain |
| Masochism | sexual arousal from being subjected to pain, bondage or humiliation |
| key element of BDSM | forced submission |
| bondage | use of physical restraint |
| dominance | use of humiliation or subservience |
| arsgr fb edge play | bdsm that pushes the limits |
| adult babies | fetish from acting as baby or toddler, dress up in diapers |
| paraphilia | unusual and problematic form of sexual arousal or behavior that is considered to be a psychological problem |
| 3 main issues involving paraphilia | is there distress?, is the behavior required for arousal? is there a victim |
| exhibitionism | exposure of gentitalia to non consenting strangers(fllashing) indecent exposure related to obscene telephone calling, men who do this lack social skills and feel inadequate |
| Voyeurism | “peepers” men who are erotically focused on watching women doing private things ex undressing, naked, sex, g oing to the bathroom |
| Frotteurism | touching or rubbing clothed genitals against a stranger without consent or even knowledge in crowded public places |
| Zoophilia | persistent preference for sexual contact with animals, evein if there is a willing human partner Most occur during adolescence or pre adolescence and can hardly be considered a paraphilia |
| bestiality | sexual contact between a person and an animal (an obsolete term) |
| Necrophilia | sexual arousal from viewing or having contact with dead bodies |
| Persistent and distressing fixation on sexual violence | A paraphilia when they commit violence because the violence itself is sexually arousing |
| Autoerotic asphyxia | self strangulation for purpose of sexual arousal |
| Pedophile | fetish where arousal is directed toward pre-pubescent children (some are molesters, some not) |
| Child molester | adult who has sexual contact with a child (some are pedophiles some aren't) |
| hebephilia | attraction to girls or boys in puberty |
| ephebophilia | attraction to children of post puberty |
| NAMBLA | North American Man-Boy Love Association opposes age of consent laws, argues some children can consent, raises questions of parent's rights in regards to kids having sex |
| sex offenders and repeating offenses | as a group, less likely to repeat offense |
| recidivism | the act of repeating a crime |
| biological factors of paraphilia | could run in families , May result from deficiencies in cerebral white matter Damage to certain specific brain regions |
| Learning Processes of paraphilia | Classical/ Pavlovian conditioning: gradually begin to associate pleasurable sex with a certain object or act |
| Courtship Disorder(paraphilia) | Some paraphilias can be seen as a disorder of normal courtship behavior four stages of finding a partner couple with four types of paraphilia |
| May represent a sexual escape route paraphilia | Some people may become paraphiliacs due to absence of social skills |
| Cycle of Abuse | cycle in which some abused children grow up to repeat similar forms of abuse on others |
| hypersexuality | excessive sexual desire or behavior |
| 1.Behavioral approaches to paraphilia | aversion therapy-reverse conditioning: unpleasant experiences are timed with the previous turn on covert sensitization- type of aversion therapy where the person is told to picture the negative thing in their mind |
| Psychotherapeutic Approaches to paraphilia | cognitive therapy which attempts to correct paraphiliac’s way of thinking show offenders that the victims aren't feeling what they thought was good, show them that their thought process is flawed and how to stop it |
| Drug Treatments to paraphilia | Biological Approaches) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which lower a person's interest in sex , or block testosterone Some appear to be effective but have some serious side effects |
| Castration | removal of testicles, eliminated androgens and lowers sex drive |
| approaches to paraphilias | behavioral, psychotherapeutic, drug treatments and castration |
| sexual response | (un)conditioned stimulus > (un)conditioned respone touch to genitals > lubrication, erection conditioned is a turn on |
| nervous system and erection | sensory input reaches erection reflex center and sends the response to open arteries and erection occurs |
| retrograde ejaculation | semen flows into bladder not into urethra, outer sphincter tightens rather than inner sphincter forcing the semen up |
| similarities in F and M sex reflex | personal descriptions are similar, sacral reflex, thoracic and lumbar reflexes, orgasm and pelvic congestive syndrome |
| sacral reflex | penis erection / lubrication, vasocongestion |
| thoracic and lumbar reflexes | firmer erection, more lubrication, emission and positive feelings prior to orgasm |
| orgasm(similarites with m and w) | contractions each .8 seconds |
| pelvic congestive syndrome | blue balls and taylor's syndrome |
| biological theory of sex | strong and direct biological influences on behavior, nature |
| social learning theory | weak and indirect biological influences on behavior, nurture, brain cortex size is large in humans, humans can cover up all biological differences in male or females |
| masturbation bad when | done in excesss that person stops interacting with others, done with inappropriate fantasies(sex with kids or force) that they become intense turn-ons, person has willing sex partners but rather masturbates |
| why F masturbate less | genitals are smaller, less likely to discover pleasure, F recieve more punishment, mother disapprove and are 3x more likely to discuss immorality of it |
| childhood learning about sex | via curiosity, observation, exploration not based on complex adult motivations or sexual interpretations most is simply curiosity |
| “Teachable moments” | situations that will pique a child's curiosity natural motivation to ask questions and learn ex. while bathing, white nude, while changing clothes |
| first intercourse | men enjoy first intercourse, women don't really men have higher anxiety, but both are high men are somewhat guilty and women are a bit more men have a 79% chance of O women have 7% |
| sexual arousal during puberty | begins earlier for boys and occurs more often several times a day, girls only once a week more intense and distracting for boys than girls more related to being in a romantic relationship for girls |
| nocturnal orgasm- | wet dream happen to boys 17x a year happen to girls 4x a year |
| college study on flirting | M&W interaction at pub, showed footage, M saw seduction, W saw friendliness= misunderstandings can lead to date rape |
| rophynol | roofies, decrease motor skills and sense of time |
| female adolescence and sex | fear of pregnancy and stds, cautious messages from other femaels , worry on labels or fear of rape or abuse |
| coercion | M are pressured to be sex experts, |
| date rapists | men who have forced sex with females |
| date rapists techniques and feelings | DR had more peer experience with gang bangs, fixed- up sex and “easy” women recommended by friends DR's peers expect men to have more sex than most college men do Frustrated with sex life had more sex |
| baldwin study of hook ups | less people hook up now, but more people think that hook ups are more common |
| different sex positions | A(all positive) B(some negative) C(a lot of negative) positives are rewarding experiences, genital stimulation, orgasm, other persons pleasure, novelty |
| 5 steps to bondage and dominance | 1- pinned on bed, 2-ties gently, 3- ties tighter, 4- slaps, 5-hits |
| adult sex | should be able to happen way into 70s, decline in sex life is not bio-age determined |
| decline in sex life | due to decrease in novelty, increase in competing responses, increase in negative associations, marital dissatisfaction, decline in general health |
| sexual peak | around 20 for men 30 for women, but doesn't always go down, can plateau at optimal |
| priapism | penis won't go down, due to constriction can cause damage |
| epididymitis | inflammation of epididymis, caused by trauma or infection |
| orchitis | inflammation or swelling of testicle caused by infection |
| variocele | enlargement of the veins that drain tesitcle, can be corrected surgically |
| hydrocele | collection of fluid in the space surrounding one testicle, not dangerous |
| torsion | twisting of a testicle that cuts off its blood supply |
| balanitis | inflammation of glans due to poor hygiene of infection |
| phimosis | inability to retract foreskin |
| paraphimosis | entrapment of a retracted foreskin behind corona of the glans |
| peyronies disease | unnatural curvature of the penis |
| prostatitis | inflammation of prostate glands due to infection by e.coli or other microorganisms |
| enlarged prostate | benign prostatic hypertrophy, , not cancerous, can interfere with urination |
| prostate cancer | most common non-skin cancer among american men, common after 70 , high fat diet, age and genetics increase risk |
| path taken by sperm from epididymis to urethra | starts in testes>epididymis>vas deferens via spermatic cord> ejaculatory duct where prostate and seminal vesicle secretions are added> at emission this is loaded into urethra>ejaculated through shaft of penis via urethra |
| 5 theories of paraphilias | biological factors(running in families, brain damage), conditioning, courtship disorder(blockage in brain, freud), sexual escape route, cycle of abuse, or more than of these |
Created by:
hannad
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