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Biology - Chapter 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genetics | Scientific study of heredity. |
| Fertilization | Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell. |
| Trait | Specific characteristic of an individual. |
| Hybrid | Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits. |
| Gene | Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring. |
| Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene. |
| Principle of Dominance | Mendel's second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive. |
| Segregation | Separation of alleles during gamete formation. |
| Gamete | Sex cell. |
| Probability | Likelihood that a particular event will occur. |
| Homozygous | Having two identical alleles for a particular gene. |
| Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a particular gene. |
| Phenotype | Physical characteristics of an organism. |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism. |
| Punnett Square | Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross. |
| Independent Assortment | One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. |
| Incomplete Dominance | Situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another allele. |
| Codominance | Situation in which the phenotypes produces by both alleles are completely expressed. |
| Multiple Allele | A gene that has more that two alleles. |
| Polygenic Trait | Trait controlled by two or more genes. |
| Homologous | Term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and on set comes from the female parent. |
| Diploid | Term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes. |
| Meiosis | Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. |
| Tetrad | Structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis. |
| Crossing-over | Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. |
| Zygote | Fertilized egg. |