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midterm review 1.0
scientific method, microscopes and the metric system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the magnification of a light microscope? | 400X |
| How is the magnification of a light microscope calculated? | You multiply the objective lens by the ocular lens. |
| Compare a light microscope to an electron microscope. | Electron microscopes can magnify up to a million times, while light microscopes will magnify up to a thousand times. |
| Observation | act of noting or perceving objects or events. |
| hypothesis | a statement that can be tested by additional observations or experiments. |
| atoms | smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means. |
| elements | pure substance made of only one kind of atom. |
| ions | an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electron |
| protons | have a positive charge |
| electrons | have a negative charge |
| neutrons | have a neutral charge |
| compounds | substance made of the joined atoms of two or more different elements. |
| molecules | a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
| diatomic molecules | molecules composed of only two atoms, of either the same or different chemical elements. |
| ionic bonds | ions of opposite charge may interact to form an ionic bond. |
| covalent bonds | form when one or two more atoms share electrons to form a molecule. |
| compare atomic number to atomic mass. | atomic number is just the number of protons. atomic mass is the total weight of the atom. |
| acid-base reactions | when acid is added to water, the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution are increased. Many bases form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. |
| neutralization | 7 on the pH scale is neutral. |
| the role of pH in measuring the amount of hydrogen in solutions. | The pH scale is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in solutions. |
| chemical formula for carbohydrates. | CH20 (2 is subscript) one carbon, two hydrogens and one oxygen |
| Building blocks of carbohydrates. | mono saccharides |
| building blocks of lipids. | fatty acids and glycerol. |
| building blocks of proteins. | amino acids |
| peptide bonds | a covalent bond that is formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts. |
| carboxyl group | a characteristic group of atoms found in organic molecules. |
| saturated fat | all carbon atoms in the chain are bonded to two hydrogen atoms. ex. butter, lard and grease. |
| unsaturated fats | some of the carbon atoms are linked by a "double" covalent bond.Ex: olive oil |
| building blocks of nucleic acids | nucleotide |
| components of nucleotides | sugar, base and a phosphate group. |
| phosphate group | contains phosphorus and oxygen atoms. |
| enzymes | substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions. |
| prokaryotic cell | cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus |
| eukaryotic cell | A cell that contains membrane-bound compartments in which specific metabolic activities take place. |
Created by:
morganmcdonalds
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