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Science Quarter
Review Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is one function of the skeletal system? | to shape and support the body |
| What is one function of the skeletal system? | to help you move |
| What is one function of the skeletal system? | to store minerals |
| What is one function of the skeletal system? | to protect internal organs |
| What is one function of the skeletal system? | to produce blood cells |
| What is the function of a tendon? | to attach muscle to bone |
| What is the function of a ligament? | as a connective tissue, it holds bones together in a movable joint |
| What is a hinge joint? | knee; allows extensive forward and backward motion |
| What is a ball and socket joint? | scapulal; allows the greatest range of motion so that you can swing your arm freely in a circle |
| What is a pivot joint? | neck; allows one bone to rotate around another |
| What is a fixed joint? | involuntary muscles; immovable joints |
| What is a gliding joint? | wrist; allows one bone to slide over another |
| What is a voluntary muscle? | a muscle that you consciously control such as biceps |
| What is an involuntary muscle? | a muscle that you don't consciously control and functions automatically such as cardiac muscle |
| What is smooth muscle? | involuntary muscle such as stomach |
| What is skeletal muscle? | voluntary muscles attached to the bones of the skeleton such as biceps |
| What is cardiac muscle? | involuntary muscle that doesn'tire quickly and is only located in the heart |
| When skeletal muscle contract do they get shorter or longer? | shorter |
| What is the epidermis? | The outermost layer of skin |
| What structures are found in the epidermis? | epidermal cells, pores, dead cells, cells to produce hard nails, and melanin |
| What is the function of the epidermis? | to protect the body, produce melanin to prevent burns, produce hard nails for protection, shed in order to remove bacteria, and use dead cells to cushion |
| What is the dermis? | the layer of skin that is located below the epidermis and above the fat layer |
| What structures are found in the dermis? | nerves, blood cells, sweat glands, hair follicles, and oil glands |
| What is the function of the dermis? | keep skin moist from oil and produce sweat |
| What is the function of the fat layer? | pad internal organs and keep heat in the body |
| What is peristalsis? | the involuntary waves of muscle contraction |
| What happens in the mouth? | your teeth cuts the food into bite size pieces and saliva breaks down the food into molecules |
| What happens in the esophagus? | perstalsis pushes the food toward the stomach and mucus helps it slide easier |
| What happens in the stomach? | muscles contract to churn the food and pepsin breaks down the food into amino acids |
| What happens in the small intestine? | chemical activity takes place where bile breaks large particles into smaller ones and enzmes from the pancreas do this as well |
| What happens in the large intestine? | water is absorbed into the bloodstream and is readied for elimination from the body; bacteria in the large intestine makes viatmin k |
| What happens in the rectum? | waste is compressed into solid form |
| What happens in the anus? | waste material is eliminated from the body |
| Describe the rout blood takes when leaving the left ventricle. | blood is pumped from the heart through the body and returns again to the heart; blood is pumped into the aorta and after passing through the branches of the arteries, blood flows through capillaries in different parts of your body |
| Describe the rout blood takes when leaving the right ventricle. | blood travels from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart; as blood travels through the lungs, blood vessels brbanch into smaller ones; soon blood flows through capillaries that are close in contact with the air that comes in the lungs |
| Describe the capillaries. | they exchange materials between the blood and the body's cells; they are only one cell thick and have thin walls so that materials can passs through them easily |
| Describe the arteries. | they carry blood away from the heart; the right ventricle pumps blood from the arteries to the lungs; the aorta is the largest artery; the walls of arteries consist of 3 layers:connective tissue, epithelial cells, and smooth muscle |
| Describe the veins. | they carry blood back to the heart; they have 3 layers with muscle in the middle; walls are thinner than those of the arteries; when blood flows here the pushing force of the heart has less effect |
| 55% of blood is? | plasma |
| What is one function of the cardiovascular system? | it carries needed substances to cells |
| What is one function of the cardiovascular system? | it carries products away from cells |
| What is one function of the cardiovascular system? | it transports cells that attack disease causing microorganisms |
| What is homeostasis? | the process where organisms' internal environment is stable in spite of changes in the external environment |
| What is the function of plasma? | it carries glucose, fats, vitamins your body needs, and chemical messengers |
| What is the function of red blood cells? | to absorb oxygen in the lungs and give it to cells in other parts of your body |
| What is the function of white blood cells? | to fight diseases |
| What is the function of platelets? | to form blood clots |
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