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Endocrine ch13

QuestionAnswer
Glands Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal Cortex & Medulla, Pancreas, Pituitary, Ovaries & Testes
Thyroid Hormones: Thyroxine T4 & Triiodothyronine T3: made from iodine.increases metabolism in cells. normal growth & dev. & formation of nervous syst. Calcitonin: calcium goes into bone. lowers blood calcium. stimulates activity of osteoblasts.
Parathyroid gland Hormone: Parathyroid hormone-increases blood calcium
Adrenal Cortex Hormones: Cortisol (glucocorticoid)increases blood sugar. Aldosterone(mineralcorticoid) increases reabsorbtion of sodium. Androgen & Estrogen:sexual characteristics
Adrenal Medulla Hormones: epinephrine (adrenaline) & norepinephrine (noradrenaline)both sympathomimetic=copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system.
Pancreas Exocrine cells secrete digestive enzymes into GI tract. Hormones:Insulin-decreases blood sugar(glucose to glycogen) glucose IN to cell. Glucagon-(glycogen to glucose)"glucose all gone" tells liver to make glucose by breaking down glycogen
Pituitary Anterior lobe Hormones: Growth Hormone, ACTH, Follicle-Stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, Thyroid-Stimulating hormone & Prolacting
Pituitary Posterior lobe Hormones: Antidiuretic hormone(ADH) & Oxytocin
Ovaries Hormones: Estrogen-promote development of ova & female secondary sex charachteristics. Progesterone: Prepares & maintains the uterus in pregnancy.
Testes Hormone: Testosterone-promotes development of sperm & male secondary sex characteristics.
Steroid Hormones React w/nucleus.Glucocorticoids(cortisol), mineralocorticoids(aldosterone), androgens(testosterone) + estrogen
Non Steroid Hormones Cell surface receptors & messengers. norepinephrine & epinephrine
Steroid Hormone Action cross cell membrane,receptor(in nucleus),complex binds to DNA & promotes transcription of mRNA, mRNA directs protein synthesis
Non Steroid Hormone Action bind to receptor ON cell membrane, activates adenylate cyclase = ATP -> cAMP, cAMP promotes reactions: protein kinases activate substrates
Hyperthyroidism and Graves Disease Hyper-high metabolic rate, sensitivity to heat, restlessness, weight loss, protruding eyes, goiter. Graves - auto immune. protrution of eye balls plus same as above.
Hypothyroid Hashimoto disease-autoantibodies attack thyroid cells result in hypothyroidism. Cretinism(infancy) stunted growth, abnormal bone formation,retardation. Myxedema(adults)low metabolic rate, sensitivity to cold,poor appetite, slugish,swollen glands
Pineal gland Hormone: Melatonin supports the body biological clock and induces sleep. (SAD) depression in winter months.
Thymus Hormone: Thymosin - affects immune response.
Aldosterone(mineralocortidoid) Regulates concentration of salt in body. Acts on kidney to reabsorb sodium and water and to excrete potassium. Thus, it regulates blood volume & pressure & electrolyte concentration.
Epinephrine (adrenaline) Increases heart rate & blood pressure, dilates bronchial tubes, & releases glucose from glycogen when the body needs it for more energy. sympathomimetic, part of fight or flight reaction.
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure.
T4 & T3 Secreted by the Thyroid, increases metabolism in cells
Calcitonin Secreted by Thyroid gland, lowers blood calcium
Parathyroid hormone Parathyroid gland, increases blood calcium
Cortisol(glucocorticoid) Secreted by Adrenal Cortex. Increases blood glucose. Inhibits the synthesis of protein, increasing blood concentration of amino acids.
Aldosterone(mineralcorticoid) Secreted by Adrenal Cortex. Increases salt reabsorbtion
Insulin Secreted by Pancreas. Lowers blood sugar (glucose to glycogen)
Glucagon Secreted by Pancreas. Raises blood sugar (glycogen to glucose)
ACTH hormone Secreted by Anterior Pituitary lobe. Stimulates adrenal cortex
Follicle-stimulating hormone Secreted by Anterior Pituitary lobe. Stimulates ovaries and testes
Leuteinizing hormone Secreted by Anterior Pituitary lobe. Promotes ovulation, stimulates testosterone secretion
Growth hormone Secreted by Anterior Pituitary lobe. Stimulates growth of bones and soft tissue
Thyroid-stimulating hormone Secreted by Anterior Pituitary lobe. Stimulates thyroid gland and T4 & T3 secretion
Prolactin Secreted by Anterior Pituitary lobe. milk production.
Antidiuretic hormone Secreted by Posterior Pituitary lobe. Increases water reabsorbtion.
Oxytocin Secreted by Posterior Pituitary lobe. Stimulates labor and releases milk.
Estrogen Secreted by Ovaries. Promote development of ova.
Progesterone Secreted by Ovaries. Prepares and maintains the uterus in pregnancy.
Testosterone Secreted by Testes. development of sperm
Created by: nadiapr
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