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NYSExam Vocab List 4
Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell division | general process through which all cells go to produce new cells |
| chromosomes | genetic information is contained in these threadlike structures |
| traits | individual characteristics |
| mitosis | process through which one parent cell produces two identical daughter cells |
| sexual reproduction | two parents are involved in this type of reproduction |
| gametes | a name for sex cells (eggs and sperm) |
| sex cells | male and female reproductive cells |
| sperm cell | the male sex cell |
| egg cell | the female sex cell |
| meiosis | process through which sex cells are formed |
| fertilization | the joining of a male and female sex cell |
| zygote | a fertilized egg cell |
| differentiation | process through which cells begin to turn into tissues and organs of the body |
| seed dispersal | process through which seeds are distributed |
| germination | process through which seeds sprout |
| gene | genetic information that influences a trait |
| Gregor Mendel | father of modern genetics; he performed experiments with pea plants |
| hybrid (heterozygous) | an individual with one dominant gene and one recessive gene |
| purebred (homozygous) | an individual with two identical genes |
| dominant gene (dominant allele) | responsible for the appearance of a trait even if you only have one of these genes |
| recessive gene (recessive allele) | you have to have two of these genes to show that trait |
| Punnett Square | a diagram used to predict genetic probablility |
| probability | the likelihood of an event occurring |