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science chpt. 2
chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| electromagnectic waves | Waves that transfer electric and magnectic energy through the vacuum of space.(p.36) |
| radiation | The direct transfer of energy by electromagnectic waves.(p.36) |
| infrared radiation | Electromagnectic waves with wavelengths that are longer than visible light but shorter than microwaves.(p.37) |
| ultraviolat radiation | Electromagnectic waves with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light but longer than x-rays.(p.37) |
| scattering | Reflection of light in all directions. |
| greenhouse effect | The process by which heat is trapped in the atmosphere by gases that form a blanket around Earth.(p.39) |
| thermal energy | The total energy of motion in the particals of a substance.(p.43) |
| temperature | A measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a refrence point.(p.43) |
| thermometer | An instrument used to measure temperature.(p.43) |
| heat | The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a difference in temperature.(p.44) |
| conduction | The direct transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another that it is touching.(p.43) |
| convection | The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of fluid.(p.44) |
| convection currents | The circulation of a fluid as it alternately heats and cools down.(p.44) |
| wind | The horizontial movement of air from an area of high pressure of an area of lower pressure.(p.47) |
| anemometer | An instrument used to measure wind speed.(p.47) |
| wind chill-factor | A measure of cooling combining temperature and wind speed.(p.47) |
| local winds | Winds that blow over short distances.(p.48) |
| sea breeze | The flow of cooler air from over an ocean or lake.(p.48) |
| land breeze | The flow of air from land to a body of water.(p.48) |
| global winds | Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances.(p.49) |
| Coriolis effect | The change that Earth's rotation causes in the motion of objects and that explains how winds curve.(p.49) |
| latitude | Is the distance from the equator, measured in degrees.(p.50) |
| jet stream | Bands of high-speed wings about 10 kilometers above Earth's surface.(p.52) |
| water cycle | The continual movement of water amoung Earth's atmosphere, oceans,and land surface through evaporation, condensation, and precipation.(p.54) |
| evaporation | The process by which water molecules in liquid water escape into air as water vapor.(p.54) |
| humidity | The amount of water vapor in a given volume of air.(p.55) |
| realitive humidity | The amount of water vapor in the air, expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount that the air could hold at the given temperature.(p.55) |
| psychrometer | An instrument used to measure realitive humidity.(p.56) |
| condensation | The process by which molecules of water vapor in the air become liquid water.(p.57) |
| dew point | The temperature at which condensation begins.(p.57) |
| cirrus | Wispy, feathery clouds made of ice ccrystals that form at high levels.(p.58) |
| cumulus | Fluffy,white clouds, usually with flat bottoms, that look like rounded piles of cotton. |
| stratus | Clouds that form in flat layers and often xcover most of the sky.(p.58) |
| precipitation | Any form of water that falls from clouds and reachs the surface.(p.61) |
| drought | Long periods of low precipitations.(p.65) |
| cloud seeding | Tiny crystals of silver iodide and dry ice(solid carbon dioxide) are sprinkled into clouds from airplanes.(p.64) |
| rain gauge | An instrument used to measure precipitation.(p.64) |
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