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ch 11/12 test
SALT anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Three major components of the circulatory system | The heart, blood, and blood vessels |
| What is the major function of the circulatory system? | To supply oxygen and nutrients to every cell of the body and remove waste and carbon dioxide. |
| Know the difference between an artery and a vein | arteries take the blood out to the body, they are thicker to handle pressure and have muscle to control the blood pressure/veins carry blood back to the heart, they are thinner and contain valves to control blood flow. |
| What do capillaries and venules do that the other blood vessels cannot? | they are very thin walled and permeable which enables them to release oxygen and nutrients into the organs and retrieve waste. |
| What are the walls of the blood vessels called? | tunicas |
| What is vasoconstriction? | when the smooth muscle fibers in the blood vessel shorten, the middle lumen gets smaller which constricts the flow of blood which raises our blood pressure. |
| What is vasodilation? | When the smooth muscle fibers relax, the middle lumen gets larger causing a decrease in blood pressure. |
| Where do the Pulmonary arteries carry the blood to? | The right and left lungs |
| Because blood flows so slowly in the veins, what prevents them from pooling in one area? | Venous valves. |
| What are the two largest veins in the body? | Superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. |
| Be able to put in order, the order blood travels through vessels and organs in the Pulmonary circulation | R. atrium, Tricuspid valve, R. ventricle, Pulmonary valve, Pulmonary artery, Lung, Pulmonary arterioles, Pulmonary capillaries, pulmonary venules, Pulmonary veins |
| Be able to put in order, the order blood travels through vessels and organs in the Systemic circulation | L. atrium, bicuspid valve, L.ventricle, Aortic valve, Aortic arch, Systemic arteries, Systemic arterioles, Systemic capillaries, Systemic venules, Systemic veins |
| What side of the heart is responsible for the Pulmonary circulation? | the right side |
| What are the three functions of blood | Transports oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the body/ Regulates a variety of levels in the body/ Protects us from invasion and infection by pathogens and toxins |
| The three parts of blood | Blood plasma , The buffy coat , The red layer |
| Even though the buffy coat makes up a very small portion of our blood ratio, what two major functions does it supply? | our white blood cells to protect the body and the platelets which aid in clotting |
| What is the red bloods major function | to carry oxygen to the body and carbon dioxide to the lungs. |
| What makes red blood red? | Hemoglobin which helps blood to carry oxygen |
| What are the four blood types? | A, B, AB, O |
| What are antigens? | a protein on cell surfaces that can stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies which fight foreign invaders |
| What are “non-self” antigens? | foreign proteins introduced into the body through wounds, blood transfusions, and so on that are not “native” to the body |
| Agglutinate | stick together |
| What is a universal donor? | a person with Type O blood because Type O doesn’t have A or B antigens, so it can be given to anyone |
| When the skin is broken, what collects around the injury, forming a plug to stop blood flow? | platelets |
| Know the four functions of the lymphatic system | recycle fluids lost from the cardiovascular system/ transports pathogens to the lymph nodes to be destroyed/ stores some white blood cells/ absorbs glycerol and fatty acids from food |
| The fluid in the lymphatic system | lymph |
| Filters along the pathways or vessels of the lymphatic system | lymph nodes |
| What is the function of the spleen? | it filters the blood similar to lymph nodes but also destroys old, damaged, or fragile red blood cells |
| What is the function of the thymus? | it stores lymphocytes white blood cells and secrete hormones that stimulate the maturation of these cells in the lymph nodes |
| What protein does the body made that binds to antigens eventually leading to their destruction? | antibodies |
| Innate (or inborn) immunity | the body’s inborn ability to fight infection. If pathogens get inside the body, this is the first line of defense, it attacks anything that it doesn’t recognize |
| Adaptive (or acquired) immunity | this is the part of our immune system that can recognize specific invaders and can “learn” and change each time they are engaged. |
| Where do white blood cells form? | in the bone marrow |
| How does your body know to increase your body temperature in an attempt to kill a pathogen? | cytokines ( chemicals) released by tissues and components of the immune system circulate through the bloodstream and go to the brain (the hypothalamus) |
| What is an autoimmune disorder? | when the immune system attacks some part of the body because the body fails to recognize “self” and destroys its own tissues as if they were foreign tissues. |
Created by:
libbykaly
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