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Chpt. 10 Terms

QuestionAnswer
gene the most basic physical unit of heredity; a segment of nucleic acids that codes for a functional unit of RNA and/or a protein
chromosome in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
chromatin the substance that composes eukaryotic chromosomes; it consists of specific proteins, DNA, and small amounts of RNA
histone a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells
nucleosome a eukaryotic structural unit of chromatin that consists of DNA wound around a core of histone proteins
chromatid one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis
centromere the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis
cell cycle the life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes, it consists of a cell-growth period in which DNA is synthesized and a cell-division period in which mitosis takes place
interphase the period of the cell cycle during which activities such as cell growth and protein synthesis occur without visible signs of cell division
mitosis in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
cytokinesis the division of the cytoplasm of a cell; cytokinesis follows the division of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis
spindle a network of microtubules that forms during mitosis and moves chromatids to the poles
centrosome an organelle that contains the centrioles and is the center of dynamic activity in mitosis
cancer a type of disorder of cell growth that results in invasion and destruction of surrounding healthy tissue by abnormal cells
tumor a growth that arises from normal tissue but that grows abnormally in rate and structure and lacks a function
Created by: bayere14
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