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bio ch. 11
Holt Biology Ch. 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anode | positive pole ( at the bottom) |
| Cathode | negative pole (at the top) |
| DNA ligase | an enzyme that joins the ends of the two types of cut DNA |
| EcoRi | specific bacteria used to put into plasmids |
| Forensics | Forensics is a field of science dedicated to the methodical gathering and analysis of evidence to establish facts that can be presented in a legal proceeding. Though crime scenes and laboratories |
| Gene cloning | the process of isolating a gene sequence in the genome of an organism and inserting the gene sequence into a plasmid vector for production in large numbers |
| Humulin | human insulin |
| Probes | detection system for DNA |
| Restriction fragment length polymorphisms | DNA fragments of different lengths; these are used to identify individuals and to determine how closely related members of a population are to one another |
| Restriction enzymes | an enzyme that destroys foreign DNA molecules by cutting them at specific sites |
| Sticky ends | the ends of the cut pieces of DNA (cut from the restriction enzymes) with short single strands on each end that are complementary to each other. |
| Bacterial transformation | when u insert T recombinant plasmid into bacteria (T exchange of genetic material btwn strains of bacteria by T transfer of a fragment of naked DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell, followed by recombination in T recipient chromosome.) |
| DNA fingerprint | comparing DNA sample from crime scene with suspects and victim by comparing blood samples on defendant’s cloths. |
| Dr. Henry Lee | he was recognized as one of the world’s leader in forensics |
| Esherichia coli(E.coli) | a bacteria that is used as a bacteria to mass-produce many useful chemicals drugs ( treat diabetes, treatment for burns, treatment for ovarian cancer, ect) |
| Gel electrophoresis | method of separating DNA in a gelatin like material using an electrical field. |
| Genetic engineering | the process of manipulating genes for practical purposes |
| NCBI Gen Bank | data base show sequence of human bases. |
| Plasmids | small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the much larger bacteria chromosomes, which is small supplemental circles of DNA |
| Recombinant DNA | DNA made from two or more different organisms. |
| Stanley Cohn and Herbert Boyer | made 1st genetically altered organism. used an African clawed frog as their experimental organism, & they isolated an rRNA gene from one of its chromosomes, & then they inserted the gene into bacteria, & that bacteria produced frog rRNA. |
| Vector | a way to carry human DNA into bacteria (carry one organism to another) |
| Argose | type of gel protein that is used in electrophoresis |