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midtermexam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the most common solvent in cells | water |
| A solution with a ph of 11 is | alkaline/base |
| a substance that dissolves in another is the | solute |
| a unifying explanation for a broad range of observation is a | theory |
| homeostasis | the maintance of a stable level of internal conditions even though environmental conditions are always changing. (a state of balance) |
| animals store glucose in the form of | glycogen |
| a substance that is composed of one type of atom is an | element |
| polar mocules such as water have _____ | an uneven distubution charge |
| sharing of electrons between atoms of two or more elements is a | compound |
| one of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars | polysaccharide |
| hydrogen bonding | occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a small highly elecronegative atom |
| organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and provides nutrients to the cells of living things. The ratio is 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen | carbohydrates |
| ronald ross | established the link between mosquitos and malaria |
| hypotheses | a proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the natural world functions. An idea based on observations and that can be tested. |
| CFC's are bad because | they destroy the ozone. They act as catylists for reactions that break down the ozone |
| Living Things | share 7 characteristics. -organization and the presnce of 1 or more cells -response to stimuli -homeostasis -metabolism -growth and development -reproduction -they change thru time (evolution) |
| scientific theory | when a set of related hypotheses is cinfirmed to be true many times, and it can explain a great amount of data. |
| ecology | the branch of biology that studies organisms interacting with each other and with the environment |
| ecosystem | all of the organisms and the nonliving environment found in a particular place |
| three domains of life | bacteria, archaea and eukarya |
| adaptions | traits that improve an individual's ability to survive and reproduce |
| steps of scientific method | 1. observation 2. ask questions 3. form hypotheses 4. designing experiments 5. analyze data 6. draw conclusion |
| DNA | the hereditary material in most living things |
| matter | anything that occupies space and has a mass |
| mass | the quantuty of matter an object has |
| the simplest particle of an element | atom |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| ph scale ranges from | 0-14. 0 is very acidic, 7 is neutral and 14 is very basic |
| the control of ph in organisms is accomplished with | buffers |
| nucleus | has a proton and neutron. the proton is positively charged and the neutral has no charge |
| there are ____ different amino acids | 20 |
| enzymes | protein molecules that speeds up metabolic reactions without being permanatly changed or destoyed |
| Robert Hooke | used an early microscope to see a cork |
| biosphere | the part of earth where life exists. |
| biotic factors | the living components of the environment. |
| abiotic factors | the nonliving physical and chemical characteristics of the environment..incudes temperature,humidity, ph, oxygen, amount of sunlight, precipitation |
| habitat | the place where an organism lives |
| the specific role or way of life of a species within its environment is its ____ | niche |
| the eight major biomes are | tundra, tropical forest, temperate forest, taiga, temperate grassland, savanna, chaparral, and desert |
| earths 3 major layers are ___ ____ ____ and together these make up the biosphere | geosphere-earths rock enterior hydrosphere-the part of earth that is water atmosphere-the mixture of gases that surrounds earth |
| biodeversity | the variety of forms of life in an area. It can be measured in different ways; species richness, species evenness, and genetic diversity |
| what is another name for grasslands in north america | prairies |
| where in the world could you go to see a savanna? | the best known are africa but can also see in south america and austalia |
| where in the world could you go to see a chaparral | mediteranean sea or southern california |
| which terrestrial biomes are the most productive? | Tropical rainforests....the least productive are deserts |
| extinction | the death of every member in a species |
| explain Earth's greenhous effect | the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of the earth when gases in the air radiate heat back towards earths surface |
| the major ocean zones are | aphotic zone, photic zone, intertidal zone, neritic zone, oceanic zone, pelagic zone and the benthic zone |
| Examples of carbohydrates are | starch, cellulose, and glycogen |
| Ions | have an unequal number of protons and electrons |
| Long chains of amino acids are found in | proteins |
| You get the most energy from | lipids |
| All organisms are composed of | cells |
| examples of lipids | cholesterol, earwax, Oils |
| 4 major parts of the copmound light microscope | ocular lens, objective lens, stage, light source |
| scientists use ________ to take scientific measurements | the metric system |
| resolution | the power to show details clearly in an image |
| four main classes of organic compounds are | carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids |
| the four major biogeocemical cycles | water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle |
| symbiosis | a close long term relationshp between two organisms. Parasatism, Mutualism, Commensalism |
| Parasatism | relationship where one individual (the host) is harmed while the other individual (the parasite) benefits. |
| Mutualism | relationship where two species both benifit from each other. |
| Commensalism | where one species benefits and the other species isnt affected. |
| catalysts | reduce the anount of activation energy thats needed for a reaction to take place |
| environmental science | how humans interact with their own environment |
| ecological footprint | an analysis of human impact on ecosystems. It accounts for people using food and natural resources and peoples production of waste and pollution. |
| conservation biology | a discipline where scientists seek to identify, protect, and manage natural areas that still retain much biodiversity |
| ecotourism | tourism that supports the conservation of ecologically unique areas while bringing economic benefit to local people. like tourists pay for nature guides, food and lodging in exchange for a chance to experience the ecosystem and its unique organisms |
| parasite | Consumer organism that feeds on a host for an extended period of time. |
| pH | Scale used to measure the alkalinity or acidity of a substance through the determination of the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. |
| acid | A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. |
| alkaline | Pertaining to substances that increase the relative number of hydroxide ions (OH–) in a solution; having a pH greater than 7; basic; opposite of acidic. |
| base | A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. Alkaline |
| species richness | The number of species in a biological community |
| when two or more atoms are put together you get a | molecule |
| the proton has a _______ charge | positive |
| neutron has _______ charge | no |
| the electrons and protons make up the | nucleus |
| covalent bonding is _______ than ionic bonding | stronger |
| the strength of an acid or base is measured on the _______ scale | ph |
| when new compounds are made, this type of change occurs | chemical |
| if an atom loses an electron it is a | different element |
| the basic building blocks of matter | elements |
| To function properly, all living things must maintain a constant internal environment through the process of | Homeostasis |
| ____ is the study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environment. | ecology |
| Stating in advance the result that may be obtained from testing a hypothesis is called | Predicting |
| The base unit for length in the Système International d’Unités (International System of Units) is the ____________________. | meter |
| In what direction does energy flow? | sun--> plants-->plant eater-->meat eater--> |
| The variable that is measured in an experiment is the ______ variable. | Dependent |
| An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons is called an | ion |
| an attraction between two different substances | Adhesion |
| ____ stores hereditary information that can be used to make proteins | DNA |
| The amount of energy needed to cause a chemical reaction to start is called | activation energy |
| When placed in the same container, oil and water do not mix because | water is polar and oil is nonpolar |
| Lipids are soluble in | oil |
| The two types of nucleic acids are | DNA and RNA |
| The metric system of measurement is based on powers of | 10 |
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deea
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