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Autonomic Nerve Sys
Autonomic Nervous System Ch. 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Location of Preganglionic Neuron | Resides in the brain or spinal cord |
| Effector in Somatic nervouce system | Skeleton muscles |
| Effector in Autonomic nervouce system | Cardiac & smooth muscles and glands |
| Location of neuron cell bodies in somatic nervous system | CNS |
| location of neuron cell bodies in ANS | brain stem & Spinal cord |
| Axons extend where in the somatic NS | Spinal and cranial nerves to muscles |
| Axons extend where in the ANS | to the effector organ |
| Somatic NS fibers are | Thick, heavily myelinated, A fibers conduct rapidly |
| ANS fibers are | Pregang. are lightly myelinated, thin and slow. Post gan are not myelinated and are thinner and slower |
| Pathway to effector in Somatic | neuron cell bodies in CNS w/ axons extend in the spinal/ cranial nerves to skelton muscles |
| pathway to effector in ANS | 2-neuron chain |
| Ganglionic neuron = | 2nd motor neuron in the 2-way neuron chain of the ANS |
| Postganglionic Axon is called what | Axon of the ganglionic neuron |
| Autonomic ganglia are sites of | synapse and information transmission from preganglionic to ganglionic neurons |
| All somatic motor neurons release what at their synapes with skeletal muscles fibers? | Acetylcholine (ACh) |
| What the effect of somatic motor neurons | excitatory-stimulation of muscles |
| What is released in the postganglionic autonomic fibers onto visceral effctor organs | norepinephrine (NE), |
| What is released in the parasympathetic fibers onto visceral effector organs? | ACh |
| What causes an organ's response to be either excitation or inhibition? | the type of receptors present on target organ |
| When skeletal muscles are working hard they need | more oxygen and glucose |
| When skeletal muscles are working hard the autonomic control mechanisms speed up what | heart rate and dilate airwas to maintain homeostasis |
| Two systems of the ANS division | parasympathetic and sympathetic |
| Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions cause effects | opposite effects |
| sympathetic division mobilizes | the body during activity |
| parasympathetic division does what | promotes maintenance function & conserves body energy |
| Role of P/S | keeps body energy use as low as possible |
| when P/S is in action pupils are | constricted for close vision to improve clarity of close-up image |
| Alternate name for P/S | Resting and digesting system |
| Alternate name for SNS | right or flight |
| Role of SNS | when we are excited or emergency or threatening situations |
| when SNS is in action these typically happen | heart rate increase, deep breathing, dry mouth, cold, sweaty skins, dilated eye pupils, visceral blood vessels are constricted and blood is shunted to active skeletal muscles and heart, bronchioles in lungs dilate, liver releases more glucose into blood |
| SNS function | to provide optimal conditions for an appropriate response to some threat |
| P/S also called | craniosacral division |
| Why is the P/S called the craniosacral division? | the preganglionic fibers spring from the either the brain stem or the sacral region |
| Where are the preganlionic fibers found? | the brain stem or sacral region of spinal cord |
| Terminal ganglia | axons of the P/S synapse with ganglionic neurons located in the terminal ganglia that lie very close to or within the target organs |
| P/S have blank (length) preganglionic axons and blank postganglionic axons | long and short |
| Postganglioic axons synapse with | effector cells in immediate area |
| what cranial nerve accounts for 90% of the P/S cranial outflow | Vagus nerve (X) |
| Cranial outflow nerves | Oculomotor nerves (III), Facial nerves (VII), Glossopharyngeal nerves (IX), Vagus nerves (X) |
| Sacral Outflow serves | large intestine and pelvic organs |
| Location of the sacral outlow | neurons located in the lateral gray matter of spinal cord segments S2-S4 |
| Axons of the sacral P/S outflow run in the | run in the ventral roots |
| Which system (SNS or P/S) is more anatomically more complex | SYS because it innervates more organs |
| Sympathetic division also called | thoracolumbar division |
| rami communicantes are only associated with what NS division? | sysmpathetic |
| Pathways with synapses in the adrenal medulla secrete what? | epinephrine (E) and NE |
| When medullary cells secrete NE and E in the blood what are the effects that we feel | surge of adrenaline |
Created by:
tcordia
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