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NSEE4
Plants
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An organism that uses simple inorganic substances such as the energy of the sun, CO2, H2O, and minerals to make nutritional organic substances such as carbs. | Autotrophs |
| Function of stems. | Support against gravity and allow for the transport of fluid through vascular tissue. |
| Function of roots. | Anchoring support, remove water and essential minerals from the soil. |
| Tissue that transports nutrients from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Shape of it's cells. | Phloem. Tube-shaped. |
| Common name of nutrient liquid. | sap |
| Plant tissue involved in storage and support. | Ground tissue. |
| 3 cell differences between plant and animals. | Photosynthetic organelle called chloroplast, large storage vacuoles, and cell wall made of cellulose. |
| Terms for distinction within phyla, having vacular tissue for transport of fluids or not. | Tracheophytes (includes pines, ferns, flowering plants) and Nontracheophytes (includes mosses). |
| Vegetative propagation is an example of what type of reproduction and what are some advantages (for plants and/or humans) of this method? | Asexual reproduction that offers speed of reproduction, lack of genetic variation, and the ability to produce seedless fruit. |
| Name the 2 stages associated with life cycles. This two stage cycle is sometimes referred to as what? | Diploid and haploid. Alternation of generations. |
| Describe the asexual stage of a plant's life cycle. | In the diploid or sporophyte generation, diploid nuclei divide meiotically to form haploid spores (not gametes) and the spores germinate to produce the haploid (or gametophyte)generation, male and female gametes. |
| Describe the sexual stage of a plant's life cycle. | In the haploid stage, the gametes are joined at fertilization to from the diploid sporophyte generation. |
| Name for flowering plant. | Angiosperm |
| Male parts and their functions in a flower. | Male stamen is thin, stalk-like filament with sac (anther) at top that produces haploid spores. These dev. into pollen grains. The haploid nuclei in spores become sperm nuclei, which fertilize the ovum. |
| Female parts and their functions in a flower. | Female pistil consists of the stigma(sticky part protruding beyond flower and catches pollen), the style (tube connecting stigma to ovary), and the ovary (enlarged base of pistil containing one or more ovules, containing monoploid egg nucleus). |
| Function of petals. | Surround and protect pistil and attract insects with color and odor. |
| Male versus female plants versus neither. | Plants that only contain stamens or only contain pistils or have flowers containing both. |
| Path of male gametophyte from stigma to ovary. | Pollen grain produced by sporophyte transferred from anther to stigma (pollination). Releases enzyme to get food and water from stigma, digest path down to ovary, and germinate a pollen tube (haploid tube nucleus and 2 sperm nuclei). |
| Female gametophytes. | Ovary contains one or more ovules. Female gametophytes (embryo sac) develp in the ovule from one of 4 spores and contains a monoploid egg nucleus and 2 polar (endosperm) nuclei. |
| Describe fertilization. | Double fertilization occurs when sperm nucleus of pollen tube enters female embryo sac. 1 sperm nucleus fuses w/egg nuclus to form the diploid zygote, which dev. into embryo.Other sperm nucleus fuses with 2 polar bodies to from endosperm (triploid or 3n). |
| Function of endosperm. | Provides food for plant embryo. |
| What happens to the endosperm in dicotyledonous plants? | Endosperm is absorbed by the seed leaves (cotyledons). |
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