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Patz Bioscience
Mr. Hill's Bioscience Sem 1 review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Compound that gives up a proton (H+)when dissolved in a solution. | Acid |
| The lowest amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction. | Activation Energy |
| Movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration; requires energy input by a cell. | Active Transport |
| Inherited trait that is passed on to offspring because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment. | Adaptation |
| Attraction between molecules of different substances. | Adhesion |
| Adenosine diphosphate Low -energy molecule that can be converted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). | ADP |
| Process that requires oxygen to occur. | Aerobic |
| Molecule that makes up proteins; made of carbon hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. | Amino Acid |
| Process that does not require oxygen to occur. | Anaerobic |
| Third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to oppsite sides of the cell. | Anaphase |
| Programmed cell death. | Apoptosis |
| Process by which offspring are produced from a single parent; does not involve the joining of egg and sperm | Asexual Reproduction |
| Smallest basic unit of matter | Atom |
| Adenosine Triphosphate.High -energy molecule that contains, within its bonds, energy that cells can use. | ATP |
| Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP) Enzyme that adds a high-energy phosphate group to Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) to ATP. | ATP Synthase |
| Compound that takes up a proton (H+) when dissolved in solution | Base |
| Having no dangerous effect on health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous | Benign |
| Asexual reproduction in which a single -celled organism divides into two equal parts. | Binary Fission |
| Variety of life within an area. | Biodiversity |
| Scientific study of all forms of life. | Biology |
| All organisms and the part of Earth where they exist. | Biosphere |
| Use and application of living things and biological processes. | Biotechnology |
| Amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms. | Bond Energy |
| Process by which a photosynthetic organism uses energy to make simple sugars from CO2. | Calvin Cycle |
| Common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division. | Cancer |
| Molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches. | Carbohydrate |
| Substance that cause cancer. | Carcinogen |
| Substance that decrease activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction. | Catalyst |
| Basic unit of life. | Cell |
| Pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division that occurs in a eukaryotic cell. | Cell Cycle |
| Processes by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature form and function | Cell Differentiation |
| Double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between a cell and the surrounding environment and controls the movement of substance into and out of a cell | Cell Membrane |
| Theory that states that all organisms are made of cells, all cells are produced by other living cells, & the cell is the most basic unit of life | Cell Theory |
| Rigid structure that gives protection, support, & shape to cells and plants, funghi, and bacteria | Cell Wall |
| Process that makes ATP by breaking carbon-based molecules when oxygen is present | Cellular Respiration |
| Small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle; divided in mitosis | Centriole |
| Part of a condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attached during meiosis and mitosis | Centromere |
| Process by which substances change into different substances through the making and breaking of chemical bonds | Chemical Reaction |
| Process by which ATP is made using chemicals as an energy source instead of light | Chemosynthesis |
| Light-absorbing pigment molecule in photosynthetic organisms | Chlorophyll |
| Organelle made up of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy;contains chlorophyll | Chloroplast |
| One half of a duplicated chromosome | Chromatid |
| Loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interface | Chromatin |
| Long, continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information | Chromosome |
| Attraction between molecules of different substances. | Cohesion |
| Substance made of atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a set ratio | Compound |
| Condition that is controlled so that it does not change during an experiment | Constant |
| Difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another | Concentration Gradient |
| Chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons | Covalent Bond |
| Process by which the cell cytoplasm divides | Cytokinesis |
| Jellylike substance inside cells that contain molecules and, in some cells, organelles | Cytoplasm |
| Network of proteins such as microtubules and microfilaments inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell | Cytoskeleton |
| Observations and measurements recorded during an experiment | Data |
| Experimental data collected through observations and measurements | Dependent Variable |
| Movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration | Diffusion |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid; molecule that stores genetic information in all organisms | DNA |
| Collection of organisms and nonliving things, such as climate, soil, water and rocks, in an area. | Ecosystem |
| Series of proteins in the thylakoid and mitochondrial membranes that aid in converting ADP to ATP by transferring electrons. | Electron Transport Chain |
| Substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical means | Element |
| Uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane | Endocytosis |
| Interconnected network of thin folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| Chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy | Endothermic |
| Protein that catalyzes chemical reaction for organisms | Enzyme |
| Condition in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at the same rate | Equilibrium |
| Cell that has a nucleus and other membrane bound oranelles | Eukaryotic Cells |
| Change in a species over time. Process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors | Evolution |
| Release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane | Exocytosis |
| Chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat | Exothermic |
| Process that tests a hypothosis under controlled conditions | Experiment |
| Diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane | Facilitated Diffusion |
| Hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid | Fatty Acid |
| Model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane | Fluid Mosaic Model |
| Specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein | Gene |
| Study and comparison of genomes within a single species or among different species | Genomics |
| anaerobic process in which glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate and 2 net ATP are produced | Glycolysis |
| Stack of flat membrane-enclosed spaces contained enzymes that process, sort and deliver proteins | Golgi Apparatus |
| Broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division | Growth Factor |
| Protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps | Histone |
| Regulation and maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism | Homeostasis |
| Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom | Hydrogen Bond |
| Solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution | Hypertonic |
| Proposed explanation or answer to a scientific question | Hypothesis |
| Solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared to another solution | Hypotonic |
| Condition or factor that is manipulated by a scientist during an experiment | Independent Variable |
| Atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons | Ion |
| Chemical bond formed between oppositely charged ions | Ionic Bond |
| Solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution | Isotonic |
| Process during cellular respiration that breaks down a carbon molecule to produce molecules used in the electron transport chain | Krebs Cycle |
| Part of the photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-independent reactions | Light-Dependent Reactions |
| Part of the photosynthesis that uses energy during the light-dependent reactions to make carbohydrates | Light-independent reactions |
| Non polar molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; includes fats and oils | Lipid |
| Organelle that contains enzymes. | Lysosome |
| Cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organism's health. | Malignant |
| All chemical processes that make or break down materials within an organism. | Metabolism |
| Second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers line up the chromosomes along the cell equator. | Metaphase |
| To spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from the site of the disease. | Metastasize |
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