Question 1

Which of the metabolic pathways results in a net gain of two ATP and zero NADH molecules per glucose molecule? (level 1)

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 2

Which of the metabolic pathways occur(s) in the cytoplasm of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis & Fermentation

Question 3

The oxygen that organisms need to live is used exclusively in which of the metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 4

In which of the metabolic pathways (of cellular respiration) does most of the oxidation of the molecules derived from glucose occur? (level 2)

Accepted Answer

Krebs cycle

Question 5

the main ATP-producing pathway during aerobic cellular respiration

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 6

Electrons stripped from glucose during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are transported to the electron transport chain by ...

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 7

What is given off as a by-product of cellular respiration during the conversion of pyruvic acid (a three-carbon molecule) into acetyl-CoA (a two-carbon molecule)?

Accepted Answer

CO2

Question 8

Which would best represent the progression of energy transformations that occur during aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

chemical energy stored in food --> potential energy stored in electrons --> electrical energy established by a proton gradient --> chemical energy stored in ATP

Question 9

grueling aerobic exercise, he manages to lose over 600 pounds. Of course, most of it was fat. What form did most of the carbon and oxygen (comprising the fat) take when leaving the body?

Accepted Answer

The carbons and oxygens left the body as CO2 that was exhaled from the lungs.

Question 10

The man in the previous question could have chosen an anaerobic exercise, such as weight lifting, to try to lose weight. Why is an aerobic exercise, such as bicycling, a better choice?

Accepted Answer

Bicycling will require that a higher percentage of ATP energy be produced by aerobic respiration; thus, fat molecules will be consumed by both glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle, resulting in more-rapid weight loss.

Question 11

At the end of the electron transport chain, the final acceptor of the electrons is ______, which produces a molecule of ______.

Accepted Answer

O2 / H2O

Question 12

What is a "redox reaction"?

Accepted Answer

a reaction in which one molecule is reduced and another molecule is oxidized, & in which one molecule gains electrons and another molecule loses electrons

Question 13

Although a lot of molecules are involved in the production of ATP from food (glucose, pyruvate, citric acid, NADH, etc.), what is the essential energy-carrying particle that is actually harvested from these molecules and used to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

high-energy electrons

Question 14

Alcoholic fermentation includes the process of glycolysis plus a "last step" in which pyruvic acid is converted to alcohol and CO2. For a yeast cell, what would be the net gain of ATP if it fermented 10 molecules of glucose?

Accepted Answer

20 ATP

Question 15

Skeletal muscles can also stockpile a small amount of ATP and another molecule, phosphocreatine (PCr). Which of the following represents the correct order in which these processes are used in the muscle cells during a prolonged swim?

Accepted Answer

ATP/PCr -----> anaerobic respiration -----> aerobic respiration

Question 16

Although a lot of energy is needed to convert ADP back into ATP, the actual conversion takes place primarily through the work of one enzyme, ATP synthase. ATP synthase is energized to create ATP by what direct energy source?

Accepted Answer

proton gradient

Question 17

Which molecule serves as an intermediate electron carrier in the process of respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ & FAD

Question 18

Why do scientists believe that glycolysis is the oldest form of ATP synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It is found in all kinds of living things, The Kreb's cycle and ETC occur in the mitochondria, not require any oxygen

Question 19

In the first few steps of glycolysis, two ATP molecules are actually "used-up" instead of produced. Why do you think that this energy must be added to the glucose molecule first before the ultimate harvest of 36 ATP molecules can be attained?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is a stable molecule. A certain amount of "activation" energy must be added before the molecule will release all of its stored energy.

Question 20

The process of cellular respiration can be written as a chemical equation. Which of these equations best represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + ADP ---> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

Bio 103 chap 7

review questins

Question	Answer	Hint
Which of the metabolic pathways results in a net gain of two ATP and zero NADH molecules per glucose molecule? (level 1)	Fermentation	Review the metabolism of yeast in the essay "When Energy Harvesting Ends at Glycolysis, Beer Can Be the Result."
Which of the metabolic pathways occur(s) in the cytoplasm of the cell?	Glycolysis & Fermentation	This (or these) pathway(s) were possible prior to the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria. Review Section 7.3 on the three stages of cellular respiration.
The oxygen that organisms need to live is used exclusively in which of the metabolic pathways?	Electron transport chain
In which of the metabolic pathways (of cellular respiration) does most of the oxidation of the molecules derived from glucose occur? (level 2)	Krebs cycle	A molecule is oxidized when it is stripped of electrons. Review Section 7.5.
the main ATP-producing pathway during aerobic cellular respiration	Electron transport chain
Electrons stripped from glucose during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are transported to the electron transport chain by ...	NADH
What is given off as a by-product of cellular respiration during the conversion of pyruvic acid (a three-carbon molecule) into acetyl-CoA (a two-carbon molecule)?	CO2
Which would best represent the progression of energy transformations that occur during aerobic cellular respiration?	chemical energy stored in food --> potential energy stored in electrons --> electrical energy established by a proton gradient --> chemical energy stored in ATP
grueling aerobic exercise, he manages to lose over 600 pounds. Of course, most of it was fat. What form did most of the carbon and oxygen (comprising the fat) take when leaving the body?	The carbons and oxygens left the body as CO2 that was exhaled from the lungs.
The man in the previous question could have chosen an anaerobic exercise, such as weight lifting, to try to lose weight. Why is an aerobic exercise, such as bicycling, a better choice?	Bicycling will require that a higher percentage of ATP energy be produced by aerobic respiration; thus, fat molecules will be consumed by both glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle, resulting in more-rapid weight loss.
At the end of the electron transport chain, the final acceptor of the electrons is ______, which produces a molecule of ______.	O2 / H2O
What is a "redox reaction"?	a reaction in which one molecule is reduced and another molecule is oxidized, & in which one molecule gains electrons and another molecule loses electrons
Although a lot of molecules are involved in the production of ATP from food (glucose, pyruvate, citric acid, NADH, etc.), what is the essential energy-carrying particle that is actually harvested from these molecules and used to produce ATP?	high-energy electrons
Alcoholic fermentation includes the process of glycolysis plus a "last step" in which pyruvic acid is converted to alcohol and CO2. For a yeast cell, what would be the net gain of ATP if it fermented 10 molecules of glucose?	20 ATP
Skeletal muscles can also stockpile a small amount of ATP and another molecule, phosphocreatine (PCr). Which of the following represents the correct order in which these processes are used in the muscle cells during a prolonged swim?	ATP/PCr -----> anaerobic respiration -----> aerobic respiration
Although a lot of energy is needed to convert ADP back into ATP, the actual conversion takes place primarily through the work of one enzyme, ATP synthase. ATP synthase is energized to create ATP by what direct energy source?	proton gradient
Which molecule serves as an intermediate electron carrier in the process of respiration?	NAD+ & FAD
Why do scientists believe that glycolysis is the oldest form of ATP synthesis?	It is found in all kinds of living things, The Kreb's cycle and ETC occur in the mitochondria, not require any oxygen
In the first few steps of glycolysis, two ATP molecules are actually "used-up" instead of produced. Why do you think that this energy must be added to the glucose molecule first before the ultimate harvest of 36 ATP molecules can be attained?	Glucose is a stable molecule. A certain amount of "activation" energy must be added before the molecule will release all of its stored energy.
The process of cellular respiration can be written as a chemical equation. Which of these equations best represents the process of cellular respiration?	C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + ADP ---> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

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