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Ch 2 Cell
Structure and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plasma membrane | Phospholipid bilayer containing cholesterol, proteins and carbohydrates |
| Cytoplasm | Contains cytosol, inclusions and organelles |
| Cytosol | Viscous fluid w/dissolved solutes |
| Organelles | Membrane and non-membrane bound stuctures w/unique functions and actions |
| Inclusions | Droplets of melanin, protein, glycogen granules, or lipid; usually non-membrane bound |
| Nucleus | Surrounded by double membrane and contains nucleolus and chromatin |
| Nuclear envelope | Double membrane boundary btwn cytoplasm and nuclear contents |
| Nuclear pore | Openings through the nuclear envelope |
| Nucleolus | Spherical, dark-staining, dense granular region in the nucleus |
| Chromatin and chromosomes | Filamentous association of DNA and histone proteins |
| Site of genes in the DNA | Chromatin and chromosomes |
| Synthesizes rRNA and assembles ribosomes in the nucleus | Nucleolus |
| Allow for passage of materials btwn nucleus and cytoplasm | Nuclear pores |
| Holds the pores that regulates the exchange of materials with the cytoplasm | Nuclear envelope |
| Control center; DNA and ribosome subunit assembly | Nucleus |
| Carry out specific metabolic activities | Organelles |
| Store materials | Inclusions |
| Provides support for organelles and where diffusion occurs | Cytosol |
| Site of metabolic processes of the cell and stores nutrients and dissolved solutes | Cytoplasm |
| Contains receptors for communication and forms intercellular connections | Plasma membrane |
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | Membrane bound-Interconnected network of membrane tubules and visicles;no ribosomes |
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum | Membrane bound-Flattened intracellular network of membrane sacs call cisternae; ribosomes attached on cytoplasmic surface |
| Golgi apparatus | Membrane bound-Stacked series of flattened, smooth membrane sacs with associated shuttle vesicles |
| Lysosomes | Membrane bound-Membrane sacs with digestive enzymes |
| Peroxisomes | Membrane bound-Membrane enclosed sacs; usually contain large amounts of specific enzmes to break down hamrful substances |
| Mitochondria | Membrane bound-Double membrane structures w/cristae; liquid matrix contents at center |
| Ribosomes | Non-membrane bound; Dense cytoplasmic granules w/2 subunits (large & small) and are free or fixed |
| Cytoskeleton | Non-membrane bound; Organized network of protein filaments or hollow tubules |
| Microfilaments | Non-membrane bound; Actin protein monomers formed into filaments |
| Intermediate filaments | Non-membrane bound; Various protein components |
| Microtubules | Non-membrane bound; Hollow cylinders of tubulin protein; able to lengthen and shorten |
| Centrosome | Nonmembrane bound-Amorphous region adjacent to the nucleus; contains a pair of centrioles |
| Cilia | Non-membrane bound; Short, membrane-attached projections containing microtubules. In large numbers on exposed membrane surfaces |
| Flagellum | Non-membrane bound; Long, singular membrane extension containing microtubules |
| Microvilli | Nonmembrane bound-Numerous thin membrane folds projecting from the free cell surface |
| Synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbs, and detoxifies drugs/alcohol | Smooth ER |
| Synthesizes proteins for secretion, new proteins for the plasma membrane, lysosomal enzymes and transports/stores molecules | Rough ER |
| Modifies, packages, and sorts newly synthesized proteins for secretion, inclusion in new plasma membrane, or lysosomal enzyme synthesis | Golgi apparatus |
| Digest materials or microbes ingested by the cell and removes old/damaged organelles | Lysosomes |
| Term that means "to self-destruct" (lysosomes do this) | Autolyze |
| Convert hydrogen peroxide that is formed during metabolism to water | Peroxisomes |
| Synthesize most ATP during cellular respiration. AKA-powerhouse | Mitochondria |
| Synthesizes proteins | Ribosomes |
| What synthesizes proteins for use within the cell? | Free ribosomes |
| What synthesizes proteins for secretion, incorporation into plasma membrane, or lysosomes? | Fixed ribosomes |
| Provides stuctural support; facilitates motility, transport, and movement of cellular components | Cytoskeleton |
| Maintains cell shape; aids in muscle contraction and intracellular movement; seperate dividing cells | Microfilaments |
| Provides structural support;stabalize cell junctions | Intermediate filaments |
| Support cell; holds organelles in place; maintain cell shape and rigidity;direct organelle movement w/in the cell and cell motility as cilia and flagella; move chromosomes at cell division | Microtubules |
| Organizes microtubules; participates in spindle formation during cell division | Centrosome |
| Organize microtubules during cell division for movement of chromosomes | Centrioles |
| Move fluid, mucus, and materials over the cell surface | Cilia |
| Propels sperm cells in human male | Flagellum |
| Increase membrane surface area for increased absorption and/or secretion | Microvillo |
Created by:
baddkharma
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