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Bio 100 Lesson 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Actin | Muscle protein making up the thin filaments in a sarcomere; its movement shortens the sarcomere, yielding muscle contraction. Actin filaments play a role in the movement of the cell and its organelles. |
| Atom | Smallest particle of an element that displays the properties of the element. |
| Cell | Smallest unit that displays the properties of life; composed of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane. |
| Cell theory | One of the major theories of biology, which states that all organisms are made up of cells;cells are capable of self-reproduction and come only from preexisting cells. |
| Cell wall | Structure that surrounds a plant, protistan, fungal, or bacterial cell and maintains the cell's shape and rigidity. |
| Cellular respiration | Metabolic reactions that use the energy from carbohydrate, fatty acid, or amino acid breakdown to produce ATP molecules. |
| Cellulose | Polysaccharide that is the majojr complex carbohydrate in plant cell walls. |
| Central vacuole | In a plant cell, a large, fluid-filled sac that stores metabolites. During growth, it enlarges, forcing the primary cell wall to expand and the cell surface-area-to-volume ratio to increase. |
| Centriole | Cell organelle, existing in paris, that orccurs in the centrosome and may help organize a mitotic spindle for chormosome movement during animal cell division. |
| Chlorophyll | Green pigment that absorbs solar energy and is important in algal and plant photosynthesis; occurs as chlorophyll a and chlorphyll b. |
| Chloroplast | Membrane-bounded organelle in algae and plants with clorophyll-containing membranous thylakoids; where photosynthesis takes place. |
| Chromatin | Network of fibrils consisting of DNA and associated proteins observed within a nucleus that is not dividing. |
| Chromosome | Structure consisting of DNA complexed with proteins that transmits genetic information from the previous generation of cells and organisms to the next generation. |
| Cristae | The inner folds created by the convoluted inner membrane of a mitochondrian. |
| Cytoplasm | Contents of a cell between the nucleus (nucleoid) region of bacteria and the plasma membrane. |
| DNA | (deoxyribonucleic acid) Nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent bonding of nucletide monomers that contain the sugar deoxyribose; the genetic material of nearly all organisms. |
| Endomembrane system | The system of membranes in the cell. |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | System of membranous saccules and channels in the cytoplasm, often with attached ribosomes. |
| Golgi apparatus | Organelle consisting of saccules and vesicles that processes, packages, and distribues molecules about our from the cell. |
| Granum | Stack of clorophyll-containing thylakoids in a chloroplast. |
| Intermediate filaments | Rope-like assemblies of fibrous polypeptides in the cytoskeleton that provide support and strenth to cells; so called because they are intermediate in size between actin filaments and microtubles. |
| Lignin | Makes up cell wall of plants along with cellulose |
| Lysosome | Membrane-bounded vesicle that contains hydrolytic enzymes for digesting macromolecules. |
| Macromolecule | proteins, sugars, amino acids, etc. |
| Matrix | Unstructured semifluid substance3 that fills the space between cells in connective tissues or inside organelles. |
| Microtubules | Small, cylindrical organelles compsed of tubulin protein around an empty central core; present in the cytoplasm, centrioles, cilia, and flagella. |
| Mitochondrion | Membrane-bounded organelle in which ATP molecules are produced during the process of cellular respiration. |
| Molecule | Union of two or more atoms of the same element; also, the smallest part of a compound that retains the sproperties of the compound. |
| Nuclear membrane | consists of two layers – a double-layer membrane in the structure of the nuclear area. |
| Nuclear pore | Opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of proteins into the nucleus and ribosomal subunits out of the nucleus. |
| Nucleoid | Region of prokaryotic cells where DNA is located; it is not bounded bhy a nuclear envelope. |
| Nucleolus | Dark-staining, spherical body in the nucleus that produces ribosomal subunits. |
| Nucleus | Membrane-bounded organelle within a eukaryotic cell that contains chromosomes and controls the structure and function of the cell. |
| Organ | Combination of two or more different tissues performing a common function. |
| Organelle | Small, often membranous structure in the cytoplasm having a specific structure and function |
| Organisms | Living things. |
| Peroxisome | Enzyme-filled vesicle in which fatty acids and amino acids are metabolized to hydrogen peroxide that is broken down to harmless products. |
| Photosynthesis | Process occuring usually within cloroplasts whereby chlorophyll-containing organelles trap solar energy to reduce carobon dioxide to carbohydrate. |
| Plasma membrane | Membrane surrounding the cytoplasm that consists of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins; functions to regulate the entrance and exit of molecules from cell. |
| Protein synthesis | Happens in the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| Ribosome | RNA and protein in two subunits; site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. |
| Rough ER | Membranous system of tubules, vesicles, and sacs in cells; has attached ribosomes. |
| Smooth ER | Membranous system of tubules, vesicles, and sacs in eukaryotic cells; lacks attached ribosomes. |
| Stroma | Fluid within a chloroplast that contains enzymes involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates during photosynthesis. |
| Subatomic particles | Protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
| Thylakoid | Flattened sac within a granum whose membrane contains chlorophyll and where the light reactions of photosynthesis occur. |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells combined to perform a common function. |
| Tubulin | A protein of which microtubles are consisted. |
| Vacuole | Membrane-bounded sac, larger than a vesicle, usually functions in storage and can contain a variety of substances. In plants, the central vacuole fills much of the interior of the cell. |
| Vessicle | Small, membrane-bounded sac that stores substances within a cell. |
Created by:
marcusvoght
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