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bj fun ch 31.2
asepsis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acquired immunity | see Passive immunity> |
| Active immunity | a resistance of the body to infection in which the host produces its own antibodies in response to natural or artificial antigens> |
| Acute infection | those that generally appear suddenly or last a short time> |
| Airborne precautions | methods used to reduce exposure to infectious agents transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns> |
| Airborne transmission | infectious agent transmitted by droplets or dust> |
| Antibodies | immunoglobulins, part of the body's plasma proteins, defend primarily against the extracellular phases of bacterial and viral infections> |
| Antigen | a substance capable of inducing the formation of antibodies> |
| Antiseptics | agents that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms> |
| Asepsis | freedom from infection or infectious material> |
| Autoantigen | an antigen that originates in a person's own body> |
| Bacteremia | bacteria in the blood> |
| Bacteria | the most common infection-causing microorganisms> |
| Bacteriocins | substances produced by some normal flora (e.g., enterobacteria), that can be lethal to related strains of bacteria> |
| Bloodborne pathogens | those microorganisms carried in blood and body fluids that are capable of infecting other persons with serious and difficult to treat viral infections, namely hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV> |
| Body substance isolation | (BSI) generic infection control precautions for all clients except those with diseases transmitted through the air> |
| Carrier | a person or animal that harbors a specific infectious agent and serves as a potential source of infection, yet does not manifest any clinical signs of disease> |
| Cell-mediated defenses | see Cellular immunity> |
| Cellular immunity | also known as cell-mediated defenses, occur through the T-cell system> |
| Chemotaxis | the action by which leukocytes are attracted to injured cells> |
| Chronic infection | infection that occurs slowly, over a very long period, and may last months or years> |
| Cicatrix | scar> |
| Circulating immunity | see Humoral immunity> |
| Clean | free of potentially infectious agents> |
| Colonization | the presence of organisms in body secretions or excretions in which strains of bacteria become resident flora but do not cause illness> |
| Communicable disease | a disease that can spread from one person to another> |
| Compromised host | any person at increased risk for an infection> |
| Contact precautions | methods used to reduce exposure to infectious agents easily transmitted by direct client contact or by contact with items in the client's environment> |
| Cultures | laboratory cultivations of microorganisms in a special growth medium> |
| Diapedesis | the movement of blood corpuscles through a blood vessel wall> |
| Dirty | denotes the likely presence of microorganisms, some of which may be capable of causing infection> |
| Disinfectants | agents that destroy pathogens other than spores> |
| Droplet nuclei | residue of evaporated droplets that remains in the air for long periods of time> |
| Droplet precautions | methods used to reduce exposure to infectious agents transmitted by particle droplets larger than 5 microns> |
| Emigration | process in which leukocytes move through the blood vessel wall into the affected tissue spaces> |
| Endogenous | developing from within> |
| Exogenous | developing from without> |
| Exudate | material, such as fluid and cells, that has escaped from blood vessels during the inflammatory process and is deposited in tissue or on tissue surfaces> |
| Fibrinogen | a plasma protein that is converted to fibrin when it is released into the tissues and, together with thromboplastin and platelets, forms an interlacing network making a barrier to wall off an area> |
| Fibrous (scar) tissue | connective tissue repair of wounds with tissue that can proliferate under conditions of ischemia and altered pH> |
| Fungi | infection-causing microorganisms that include yeasts and molds> |
| Granulation tissue | young connective tissue with new capillaries formed in the wound healing process> |
| Humoral immunity | antibody-mediated defense; resides ultimately in the B lymphocytes and is mediated by the antibodies produced by B cells> |
| Hyperemia | increased blood flow to an area> |
| Iatrogenic infection | infections that are the direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures> |
| Immune defenses | see Specific defenses> |
| Immunity | a specific resistance of the body to infection; it may be natural, or resistance developed after exposure to a disease agent> |
| Immunoglobulins | see Antibodies> |
| Infection | the disease process produced by microorganisms> |
| Inflammation | local and nonspecific defensive tissue response to injury or destruction of cells> |
| Isolation | practices that prevent the spread of infection and communicable disease> |
| Leukocytes | white blood cells> |
| Leukocytosis | an increase in the number of white blood cells> |
| Local infection | an infection that is limited to the specific part of the body where the microorganisms remain> |
| Macrophages | large phagocytes> |
| Margination | the aggregating or lining up of substances along a surface or edge (eg, the lining up of white blood cells against the wall of a blood vessel during the inflammatory process)> |
| Medical asepsis | all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and spread of microorganisms> |
| Nonspecific defenses | bodily defenses that protect a person against all microorganisms, regardless of prior exposure> |
| Nosocomial infections | infections associated with the delivery of health care services in a health care facility> |
| Occupational exposure | skin, eye, mucous membrane, or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employee's duties> |
| Opportunistic pathogen | a microorganism causing disease only in a susceptible individual> |
| Parasites | microorganisms that live in or on another from which it obtains nourishment> |
| Passive immunity | a resistance of the body to infection in which the host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by another source> |
| Pathogenicity | the ability to produce disease; a pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease> |
| Phagocytes | cells that ingest microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles> |
| Reservoir | a source of microorganisms> |
| Resident flora | microorganisms that normally reside on the skin, mucous membranes, and inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts> |
| Sepsis | the presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the blood or body tissues> |
| Septicemia | occurs when bacteremia results in systemic infection> |
| Specific (immune) defenses | immune functions directed against identifiable bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other infectious agents> |
| Sterile field | a specified area that is considered free from microorganisms> |
| Sterile technique | practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms> |
| Sterilization | a process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses> |
| Surgical asepsis | see Sterile technique> |
| Systemic infection | when pathogens spread and damage different parts of the body> |
| Universal precautions (UP) | techniques to be used with all clients to decrease the risk of transmitting unidentified pathogens; currently, Standard Precautions incorporate UP and BSI> |
| Vector-borne transmission | a vector is an animal or flying or crawling insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agent> |
| Vehicle-borne transmission | a vehicle is any substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport and introduce an infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry> |
| Virulence | ability to produce disease> |
| Viruses | nucleic acid-based infectious agents> |
Created by:
BYRONJ
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