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Geography final me
me and my boy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the different parts of earth? | The mantle core and crust |
| Which part of of the earth is the largest? | the mantle |
| What is the thickness range for crust? | 3 to 43 miles |
| Name the different layers of the outer mantle in order from closeness to crust | lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesophere |
| isostacy | the crustal level diffrences and the addition and removal of material |
| How do we add and remove material on earths surface? | Isostatic rebound |
| mantle | begins where mineral composition changes, The mohorovicic discontinuity |
| Who proposed The continental drift theory? | Alfred Wegener 1915 |
| What is the evidence for Continental Drift? | Jigsaw fit, fossil matches, stratigraphic evidence, paleoclimites |
| What are the three major types of Plate boundaries? | divergent, convergent, transform |
| What happens at a Divergent plate boundary? | crustal extension |
| What happens at a convergent boundary? | it occurs from crustal compression |
| What are the different types of convergent boundaries? | suture and subduction |
| What are the two elements that make up a majority of earths crust? | oxygen and silicon |
| By definition minerals must | be found in nature, be inorganic material based, and atoms arraigned in solid units |
| rocks | one or more minerals bound together |
| What are the 3 major rock classes? | igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary |
| What are the two types of Igneous rocks? | Intrusive volcanic (granite), extrusive plutonic (basalt) |
| What is the abundance of rocks in crust? | crystalline/ igneous |
| What is the abundance of rocks exposed at surface? | Sedimentary |
| How is crystal size affected by cooling rate? | the slower it cools the smaller the crystals |
| How are Sedimentary rocks formed? | formed from rock fragments and minerals disintegrated by external process |
| Why is sedimentary rock economically important? | Its 75% of continental material |
| Lithification | subsequent accumulation increases pressure and temperature, results in compaction, cementation |
| What are the 3 types of Sedimentary rocks? and explain | Detrital (clastic) formed from rock fragments Chemical- formed from dissolved minerals Organic- remains of dead plants and animals |
| How are metamorphic rocks formed? | formed by heat or pressure |
| What is foliation? | when the mineral structure is aligned in metamorphic rocks |
| What is a key trait of metamorphic rocks? | they are hard and dense and dont weather easily |
| schist | narrow foliation bands |
| gneiss | wide folation bands |
| relief | elevation diffrences |
| uniformitarianism | the present is the key to the past |
| What types of rocks can be Absolutly dated? | igneous and sometimes sedimentary |
| Vulcanism | the crystallization of molten material both on the surface and beneath the surface |
| Lava flows | non explosive eruption |
| What are the 3 categories of basaltic lava | pahoehoe- ropy,glassy,"Skin" aa- rough, jagged blocks, pillow lava- ellipsoidal sacks.. underwater |
| How do volcanic cones occur? | cone types result from eruptive characteristics and the chemical composition of the molten material |
| What are the types of volcanoes? | shield,cinder, lava domes, composite cones |
| What is the worlds largest volcano? | Shield |
| What are volcanic hazards? | gases, lava flows,eruption column/cloud, pyroclastic flow, lahars |
| Batholiths | largest intrusive feature, forms mountain cores |
| Laccoliths | smaller intrusions, horizontal |
| Dikes | formed when lava moves vertically through preexisting rock |
| What causes earthquakes? | Movement along faults |
| epicenter | the geographic point on the surface above the focus |
| focus | the point in which the slip initiates |
| How do you locate the focus and epicenter? | seismographs |
| What are the 3 types of focuses? | shallow (ridges, transform boundries) intermediate (divergent and transform) deep (trenches, subduction) |
| Body waves | sesmic waves which pass through the entire earth, change the shape and volume of rocks (compression, shear) |
| Surface waves | move around earth like ocean waves. Rayleigh waves, Love waves side to side most destructive |
| What are the problems with the richter scale | doesnt account for damage with distance from epicenter, doesnt consider horizontal or vertical movement, doesnt include ground movement |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | handles large earthquakes better then richter, can be measured by period length of sesmic waves and ground truth |
| Modified Mercalli scale | qualitative based on vibration and damage. what the quake did |
| Where do earthquakes occur? | seismic belts and plate tectonics |
| Primary hazard | direct damage |
| Secondary hazard | indirect damage |
| Where is most of earths water? | ice sheets and glaciers |
| Why do we have lakes/rivers? | Hillslope hydrology |
| water of adhession | sticks to organic and inorganic materials |
| water of cohesion | sticks to itself |
| diatrophisim | crustal or rock deformation |
| weathering | big rocks reduced to little ones |
| mass wasting | movement downslope due to gravity |
| What are the types of chemical weathering? | hydrolysis, hydration, oxidation, carbonation |
| What are the products of chemical weathering? | fine earth materials |
| angle of repose | maximum angle at which a slope of loose material is stable |
Created by:
bigmeech85
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