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st roberts 7th grade

Mrs. Hacker's review-Rocks and the Fossil Record

QuestionAnswer
What is a fossil that is found in the rock layers of only one geologic age and is used to establish the age of the rock layers? Index fossil
If a radioactive element has a half life of 600 years. How much of the element remains after 1800 years? 1/8
What is the charge on a proton? Positive
What is the time it takes for 1/2 of a radioactive substance to undergo radioactive decay? half-life
What is a method that measures an object or event in years? absolute dating
What is a reason that the fossil record is incomplete? Mostly hard bodied fossils are recorded; not all fossils have been discovered yet; most organisms do not become fossils.
What is a paleobotanist? A scientist that studies the fossils of plants.
Uniformitarianism supports the idea of processes that have changed the earth are 1-gradual 2- sudden 3- non-existant? gradual
A person that believes that the earth was shaped by events such as tsunamis and asteroids striking the earth believe in? Catastrophism
Modern geology believes in a balance between which two philosophies? Catastrophism and uniformitarianism
What are two events that disturb rock layers? Folding and tilting
What are two types of features that disturb rock layers? faults and intrusions
Which type of rock are most fossils found in? sedimentary rock
The idea that rocks are arranged from oldest on the bottom to youngest on the top supports the theory of? superposition
What is an ideal column of all the rock layers and known fossils? geologic column
What is a tool that is used in relative dating? geologic column
If you described a rock layer as being within the around 400 million years old because there was a trilobite fossil found in this layer, you would be using the method of? relative dating
Many insects are preserved in this hardened sticky sap of a tree; what is it called? amber
Why did the baby woolly mammoth still have a lot of its soft tissue? It was frozen solid and the cold temperature did not allow for microorganisms to decompose the tissue.
What is it called when the soft tissue is replaced by minerals? petrification
When intrusive igneous rock or metamorphic rock are worn away by erosion and then deposition of sedimentary rock occurs, this is called a(n)? nonconformity
When rock layers are tilted or have folded and then horizontal rock (sedimentary rock) lies above it, you have a(n)? angular unconformity
Most unconformities are formed by (2 things)? erosion and nondeposition
When erosion or nondeposition causes a break in the geologic record, you have a(n)? unconformity
What is it called when molten rock squeezes into existing rock and cools? intrusion
What is a trace fossil? Any naturally preserved evidence of animal activity.
What is it called when a type of fossil forms when sediments fill in the cavity left by a decomposed organism. cast
What is the largest span of geologic time called? eon
What is the shortest span of geologic time called? epoch
Which era do we currently live in? Cenozoic era
Which era is considered the age of marine life? Paleozoic era
What are some environmental changes that can cause mass extinctions? global climate change, changes in ocean currents, and asteroid strikes
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